Computer aided design and manufacturing

"Most current textbooks were written some years ago and, as with many other areas of technology and manufacturing, CAD/CAM processes and solutions have developed rapidly in this period. This book addresses the need to a) provide up-to-date coverage of current CAD/CAM usage and implementation and b) provide a single source integrating the entire design-to-manufacture process, reflecting the industry trend to further integrate CAD and CAM into a single, unified, process"--

<p>Series Preface xvii</p> <p>Preface xix</p> <p>About the Companion Website xxi</p> <p><b>1 Computers in Manufacturing </b><b>1</b></p> <p>1.1 Introduction 1</p> <p>1.1.1 Importance of Manufacturing 1</p> <p>1.1.2 Scale and Complexity of Manufacturing 2</p> <p>1.1.3 Human Roles in Manufacturing 4</p> <p>1.1.4 Computers in Advanced Manufacturing 6</p> <p>1.2 Computer Aided Technologies (CATs) 7</p> <p>1.3 CATs for Engineering Designs 10</p> <p>1.3.1 Engineering Design in a Manufacturing System 10</p> <p>1.3.2 Importance of Engineering Design 10</p> <p>1.3.3 Types of Design Activities 12</p> <p>1.3.4 Human Versus Computers 13</p> <p>1.3.5 Human and Machine Interactions 14</p> <p>1.4 Architecture of Computer Aided Systems 15</p> <p>1.4.1 Hardware Components 15</p> <p>1.4.2 Computer Software Systems 17</p> <p>1.4.3 Servers, Networking, and Cloud Technologies 18</p> <p>1.5 Computer Aided Technologies in Manufacturing 20</p> <p>1.6 Limitation of the Existing Manufacturing Engineering Curriculum 22</p> <p>1.7 Course Framework for Digital Manufacturing 24</p> <p>1.8 Design of the CAD/CAM Course 25</p> <p>1.8.1 Existing Design of the CAD/CAM Course 26</p> <p>1.8.2 Customization of the CAD/CAM Course 27</p> <p>1.9 Summary 28</p> <p>1.10 Review Questions 29</p> <p>References 30</p> <p><b>Part I Computer Aided Design (CAD) </b><b>35</b></p> <p><b>2 Computer Aided Geometric Modelling </b><b>37</b></p> <p>2.1 Introduction 37</p> <p>2.2 Basic Elements in Geometry 38</p> <p>2.2.1 Coordinate Systems 39</p> <p>2.2.2 Reference Points, Lines, and Planes 40</p> <p>2.2.3 Coordinate Transformation of Points 43</p> <p>2.2.4 Coordinate Transformation of Objects 43</p> <p>2.3 Representation of Shapes 53</p> <p>2.3.1 Basic Data Structure 54</p> <p>2.3.2 Curvy Geometric Elements 56</p> <p>2.3.3 EulerPoincare Law for Solids 63</p> <p>2.4 Basic Modelling Methods 63</p> <p>2.4.1 Wireframe Modelling 63</p> <p>2.4.2 Surface Modelling 64</p> <p>2.4.3 Boundary Surface Modelling (B-Rep) 65</p> <p>2.4.4 Space Decomposition 67</p> <p>2.4.5 Solid Modelling 68</p> <p>2.5 Feature-Based Modelling with Design Intents 74</p> <p>2.6 Interactive Feature-Based Modelling Using CAD Tools 77</p> <p>2.7 Summary 80</p> <p>2.8 Modelling Problems 81</p> <p>References 83</p> <p><b>3 Knowledge-Based Engineering </b><b>85</b></p> <p>3.1 Generative Model in Engineering Design 85</p> <p>3.2 Knowledge-Based Engineering 85</p> <p>3.3 Parametric Modelling 87</p> <p>3.3.1 Define Basic Geometric Elements 89</p> <p>3.3.2 Types of Parameters 95</p> <p>3.3.3 Geometric Constraints and Relations 99</p> <p>3.4 Design Intents 101</p> <p>3.4.1 Default Location and Orientation of a Part 101</p> <p>3.4.2 First Sketch Plane 103</p> <p>3.5 Design Equations 103</p> <p>3.6 Design Tables 105</p> <p>3.7 Configurations as Part Properties 111</p> <p>3.8 Design Tables in Assembly Models 114</p> <p>3.9 Design Tables in Applications 116</p> <p>3.10 Design Templates 117</p> <p>3.11 Summary 119</p> <p>3.12 Design Problems 119</p> <p>References 122</p> <p><b>4 Platform Technologies </b><b>125</b></p> <p>4.1 Concurrent Engineering (CE) 125</p> <p>4.1.1 Brief History 125</p> <p>4.1.2 Needs of CE 125</p> <p>4.1.3 Challenges of CE Practice 128</p> <p>4.1.4 Concurrent Engineering (CE) and Continuous Improvement (CI) 128</p> <p>4.2 Platform Technologies 130</p> <p>4.3 Modularization 130</p> <p>4.4 Product Platforms 132</p> <p>4.5 Product Variants and Platform Technologies 135</p> <p>4.6 Fundamentals to Platform Technologies 138</p> <p>4.7 Design Procedure of Product Platforms 142</p> <p>4.8 Modularization of Products 142</p> <p>4.8.1 Classification of Functional Requirements (FRs) 143</p> <p>4.8.2 Module-Based Product Platforms 143</p> <p>4.8.3 Scale-Based Product Family 145</p> <p>4.8.4 Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches 146</p> <p>4.9 Platform Leveraging in CI 149</p> <p>4.10 Evaluation of Product Platforms 153</p> <p>4.10.1 Step 1. Representation of a Modularized Platform 155</p> <p>4.10.2 Step 2. Mapping a Modular Architecture for Robot Configurations 156</p> <p>4.10.3 Step 3. Determine Evaluation Criteria of a Product Platform 156</p> <p>4.10.4 Step 4. Evaluate Platform Solutions 159</p> <p>4.11 Computer Aided Tools (CAD) for Platform Technologies 160</p> <p>4.11.1 Modelling Techniques of Product Variants 163</p> <p>4.11.2 Design Toolboxes 163</p> <p>4.11.3 Custom Design Libraries 164</p> <p>4.12 Summary 165</p> <p>4.13 Design Projects 166</p> <p>References 169</p> <p><b>5 Computer Aided Reverse Engineering </b><b>173</b></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 173</p> <p>5.2 RE as Design Methodology 175</p> <p>5.3 RE Procedure 178</p> <p>5.4 Digital Modelling 179</p> <p>5.4.1 Types of Digital Models 180</p> <p>5.4.2 Surface Reconstruction 181</p> <p>5.4.3 Algorithms for Surface Reconstruction 181</p> <p>5.4.4 Limitations of Existing Algorithms 182</p> <p>5.4.5 Data Flow in Surface Reconstruction 183</p> <p>5.4.6 Surface Reconstruction Algorithm 184</p> <p>5.4.7 Implementation Examples 186</p> <p>5.5 Hardware