Dynamic Meteorology

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Introduction: units and dimensions -- 1.1 Historical perspective of meteorology -- 1.2 Dimensions -- 1.3 Units -- 1.4 Problems -- Chapter 2 The thermodynamics of dry clean air -- 2.1 Structure and composition of the atmosphere -- 2.2 The scientific method -- 2.3 The equation of state of a perfect gas -- 2.4 The universal gas constant -- 2.5 Mixture of gases -- 2.6 Molecular weight of dry air -- 2.7 Work -- 2.8 Heat -- 2.9 The first law of thermodynamics

2.10 Specific heats of gases -- 2.11 Adiabatic process -- 2.12 Potential temperature -- 2.13 Entropy -- 2.14 Problems -- Chapter 3 The aerological diagram -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Different kinds of diagrams -- 3.3 The skew (T, - logp) diagram -- 3.4 The tephigram -- 3.5 Work and energy on the tephigram -- 3.6 Problems -- Chapter 4 The thermodynamics of moist air -- 4.1 Water substance and water vapour -- 4.2 Equation of state for water vapour -- 4.3 Specific heats of water substance -- 4.4 Change of phase -- 4.5 Variation of latent heat with temperature -- 4.6 Clapeyron's equation

4.7 Clapeyron and global warming -- 4.8 Supercooled water -- 4.9 Moist air -- 4.10 The virtual temperature -- 4.11 Specific heats of moist air -- 4.12 Adiabatic process of unsaturated air -- 4.13 The adiabatic processes for moist saturated air -- 4.14 Exact equation for the rain stage of the pseudo-adiabatic process -- 4.15 Exact equation of the reversible saturation adiabatic process -- 4.16 Simplified equation of the adiabatic process of saturated air -- 4.17 Isobaric warming and cooling -- 4.18 Hygrometric equation -- 4.19 Construction of saturation adiabats -- 4.20 Normand's theorem

4.21 Some useful empirical relationships -- 4.22 Problems -- Chapter 5 Hydrostatic equilibrium -- 5.1 What is hydrostatic equilibrium? -- 5.2 The hydrostatic equation -- 5.3 Definition of lapse rate -- 5.4 The thickness equation -- 5.5 Pressure-height formulae in model atmospheres -- 5.5.1 Dry atmosphere with a constant lapse rate -- 5.5.2 Height and lapse rate of a homogeneous atmosphere -- 5.5.3 The dry adiabatic atmosphere -- 5.6 Stability and instability -- 5.7 Energy of displacement -- 5.8 Convective available potential energy -- 5.9 Lapse rate for unsaturated air

5.10 Lapse rate for saturated air -- 5.11 Problems -- Chapter 6 The equations of motion: 1 The Coriolis force -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Motion as observed with reference to a fixed frame of coordinates -- 6.3 Motion as observed in a rotating frame of coordinates -- 6.3.1 The bear and the penguin -- 6.3.2 The carousel or merry-go-round -- 6.3.3 A simple practical example of the Coriolis force -- 6.3.4 Simple mathematical derivation of the Coriolis force -- 6.3.5 The Foucault pendulum -- 6.4 Conclusion -- 6.5 Problems -- Chapter 7 The equations of motion: 2 Derivation in various coordinates

7.1 The pressure gradient force