Ecological Methods

Intro -- Ecological Methods -- Contents -- Prefaces -- Preface to fourth edition -- Preface to third edition -- Preface to second edition -- Preface to first edition -- About the Companion Website -- 1 Introduction to the Study of Animal Populations -- 1.1 Population estimates -- 1.1.1 Absolute and related estimates -- 1.1.2 Relative estimates -- 1.1.3 Population indices -- 1.2 Errors and confidence -- References -- 2 The Sampling Programme and the Measurement and Description of Dispersion -- 2.1 Preliminary sampling -- 2.1.1 Planning and fieldwork -- 2.1.2 Statistical aspects -- 2.2 The sampling programme -- 2.2.1 The number of samples per habitat unit (e.g. plant, host or puddle) -- 2.2.2 The sampling unit, its selection, size and shape -- 2.2.3 The number of samples -- 2.2.4 The pattern of sampling -- 2.2.5 The timing of sampling -- 2.3 Dispersion -- 2.3.1 Mathematical distributions that serve as models -- 2.3.2 Biological interpretation of dispersion parameters -- 2.3.3 Nearest-neighbour and related techniques: measures of population size or of the departure from randomness of the distribution -- 2.4 Sequential sampling -- 2.4.1 Sampling numbers -- 2.5 Presence or absence sampling -- 2.6 Sampling a fauna -- 2.7 Biological and other qualitative aspects of sampling -- 2.8 Jack knife and Bootstrap techniques -- References -- 3 Absolute Population Estimates Using Capture-Recapture Experiments -- 3.1 Capture-recapture methods -- 3.1.1 Assumptions common to most methods -- 3.1.2 Estimating closed populations -- 3.1.3 Estimations for open populations -- 3.2 Methods of marking animals -- 3.2.1 Handling techniques -- 3.2.2 Release -- 3.2.3 Surface marks using paints and solutions of dyes -- 3.2.4 Dyes and fluorescent substances in powder form -- 3.2.5 Pollen -- 3.2.6 Marking formed by feeding on or absorption of dyes.

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