Electronic experiences in a virtual lab

This book presents a collection of "lessons" on various topics commonly encountered in electronic circuit design, including some basic circuits and some complex electronic circuits, which it uses as vehicles to explain the basic circuits they are composed of. The circuits considered include a linear amplifier, oscillators, counters, a digital clock, power supplies, a heartbeat detector, a sound equalizer, an audio power amplifier and a radio. The theoretical analysis has been deliberately kept to a minimum, in order to dedicate more time to a "learning by doing" approach, which, after a brief review of the theory, readers are encouraged to use directly with a simulator tool to examine the operation of circuits in a "virtual laboratory." Though the book is not a theory textbook, readers should be familiar with the basic principles of electronic design, and with spice-like simulation tools. To help with the latter aspect, one chapter is dedicated to the basic functions and commands of the OrCad P-spice simulator used for the experiments described in the book

9.12.2 Optimizing a Circuit

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Authors -- 1 Review of Some Basic Concepts -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Resistor -- 1.3 Capacitor -- 1.4 Inductor -- 1.5 Kirchhoff's Laws -- 1.6 RC Network -- 1.7 Resonant Networks -- 1.8 Operation Amplifier -- 1.9 Analog Integration with Operational Amplifier -- 2 Power Supplies -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Supply Voltage Using a Three Terminal Adjustable Regulator -- 2.3 Supply Voltage, Using Discrete Transistor, with a Negative Output Resistance -- 2.4 Switching-Mode Power Supply Theory and Practice

2.5 Transformerless Power Supply -- 2.6 Something About Power Design Network (PDN) -- 3 Linear Amplifiers -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Multistage Amplifiers -- 3.3 Darlington Configuration -- 3.4 Current Mirror -- 3.5 An Example of Linear Amplifier -- 4 Sound Equalizer Using Operational Amplifiers -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Fourier Wave Development Understanding, Square Wave like Infinite Sinusoidal Waves -- 4.3 Operational Amplifier -- 4.4 Voltage Follower -- 4.5 Headphone Non-inverting Amplifier -- 4.6 Bandpass Filter -- 4.7 Sound Equalizer -- 5 Digital Circuits -- 5.1 Introduction

5.2 A Simple Decade Counter --…