Electrostatic discharge

1 Air Breakdown 1.1 Breakdown Voltage p. 1 1.2 Glows, Arcs, Coronas, and Sparks p. 4 1.3 Nonuniform Fields and Time-Varying Arc p. 5 1.4 Ideal Switching of Simple Loads p. 8 1.5 Ideal Switching of Complex Loads p. 11 1.6 Switching and Breakdown p. 16 1.7 Showering Arc p. 18 1.8 Speed of Switching p. 18 1.9 Suppressing the Breakdown p. 19 1.10 Switch Network Example p. 26 1.11 Arc Suppression with Resistive Loads p. 30 1.12 Arc Suppression with Capacitive Loads p. 31 1.13 Arc Suppression with Inductive Loads p. 33 1.14 Sparking at Very Low Voltages? p. 38 1.15 Switch Corrosion and Erosion p. 39 1.16 Maximum Electric Field and Breakdown Table p. 44 1.17 Minimum Corona Voltage p. 58 1.18 Voltage Rating of Coax p. 62 1.19 Solutions to Poisson's Equation p. 65 1.20 Arcing in a Silo p. 72 1.21 All of the Electric Field Boundary Conditions p. 78 1.22 Powder Bed p. 91 1.23 The Field from Corona p. 93 2 Principles and Applications 2.1 What Is ESD? p. 1 2.2 Methods of Charging p. 1 2.3 Triboelectric Series p. 5 2.4 Microphony p. 7 2.5 Voltage and Current Responses p. 11 2.6 Sources of Current p. 14 2.7 Rate of Charge Decay p. 18 2.8 Maximum Surface Charge before Breakdown p. 25 2.9 Grounded Conducting Objects and Charged Insulating Surfaces p. 32 2.10 Charge Accumulation along Interfaces p. 45 2.11 Convection Charge Flow p. 52 2.12 Potential of an Insulator's Surface p. 58 2.13 Electric Field from Simple Charge Distributions p. 60 2.14 Electric Field from Other Charge Distributions p. 64 2.15 Discharges Classified p. 71 2.16 Minimum Ignition Energy p. 76 2.17 Electrostatic Hazard Case Studies p. 81 2.18 Measuring Charge p. 85 2.19 Measuring the Electric Field p. 97 2.20 Measuring Voltage p. 105 2.21 Measuring Bulk and Surface Resistivity p. 109 2.22 Maximum Body Voltage and Typical Capacitances p. 116 2.23 RLC Discharge Model p. 119 2.24 ESD Rules-of-Thumb and Guidelines p. 121 2.25 Raindrop Bursts, P-Static, and Corona Noise p. 123 2.26 Locating Weaknesses with a "Zapper" p. 124 2.27 Surround, Ground, and Impound p. 124 2.28 Wrist and Ankle Straps p. 125 2.29 Floor Coatings p. 126 2.30 Pink, Black, and Shielded Bags p. 127 2.31 Static-Dissipative Work Surfaces p. 130 2.32 Sugar Charge Decay p. 136 2.33 Capacitance Measurement for Multiple Conductors p. 141 2.34 Energy and Capacitance p. 148 2.35 Capacitance Formula p. 152 References p. 1 Index page.