Geochemistry

"This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of geochemistry. The book first lays out the 'geochemical toolbox': the basic principles and techniques of modern geochemistry, beginning with a review of thermodynamics and kinetics as they apply to the Earth and its environs. These basic concepts are then applied to understanding processes in aqueous systems and the behavior of trace elements in magmatic systems. Subsequent chapters introduce radiogenic and stable isotope geochemistry and illustrate their application to such diverse topics as determining geologic time, ancient climates, and the diets of prehistoric peoples. The focus then broadens to the formation of the solar system, the Earth, and the elements themselves. Then the composition of the Earth itself becomes the topic, examining the composition of the core, the mantle, and the crust and exploring how this structure originated. A final chapter covers organic chemistry, including the origin of fossil fuels and the carbon cycle's role in controlling Earth's climate, both in the geologic past and the rapidly changing present. Geochemistry is essential reading for all earth science students, as well as for researchers and applied scientists who require an introduction to the essential theory of geochemistry, and a survey of its applications in the earth and environmental sciences. Additional resources can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/white/geochemistry "--

Machine generated contents note: Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Energy, Entropy and Fundamental Thermodynamic Concepts Chapter 3: Solutions and Thermodynamics of Multicomponent Systems Chapter 4: Applications of Thermodynamics to the Earth Chapter 5: Kinetics: The Pace of Things Chapter 6: Aquatic Chemistry Chapter 7. Trace Elements in Igneous Processes Chapter 8: Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry Chapter 9: Stable Isotope Geochemistry Chapter 10: The Big Picture: Cosmochemistry Chapter 11: Geochemistry of the Solid Earth Chapter 12: Organic Geochemistry, the Carbon Cycle, and Climate Appendix Index.

Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Geochemistry -- 1.2 This Book -- 1.3 The Philosophy of Science -- 1.3.1 Building scientific understanding -- 1.3.2 The scientist as skeptic -- 1.4 Elements, Atoms, and Chemical Bonds: Some Chemical Fundamentals -- 1.4.1 The periodic table -- 1.4.2 Electrons and orbits -- 1.4.3 Some chemical properties of the elements -- 1.4.4 Chemical bonding -- 1.5 A Brief Look at the Earth -- 1.5.1 Structure of the Earth -- 1.5.2 Plate tectonics and the hydrologic cycle -- 1.5.3 Earth materials -- References and Suggestions for Further Reading -- Chapter 2: Energy, entropy and fundamental thermodynamic concepts -- 2.1 The Thermodynamic Perspective -- 2.2 Thermodynamic Systems and Equilibrium -- 2.2.1 Fundamental thermodynamic variables -- 2.3 Equations of State -- 2.3.1 Ideal gas law -- 2.3.2 Equations of state for real gases -- 2.3.3 Equation of state for other substances -- 2.4 Temperature, Absolute Zero, and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics -- 2.5 Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics -- 2.5.1 Energy -- 2.5.2 Work -- 2.5.3 Path independence, exact differentials, state functions, and the first law -- 2.6 T…