Hardware malware

by Krieg, Christian

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Title Statements

Full title :Hardware malware / Christian Krieg, Adrian Dabrowski, Heidelinde Hobel, Katharina Krombholz, and Edgar Weippl.

Summary

In our digital world, integrated circuits are present in nearly every moment of our daily life. Even when using the coffee machine in the morning, or driving our car to work, we interact with integrated circuits. The increasing spread of information technology in virtually all areas of life in the industrialized world offers a broad range of attack vectors. So far, mainly software-based attacks have been considered and investigated, while hardware-based attacks have attracted comparatively little interest. The design and production process of integrated circuits is mostly decentralized due to financial and logistical reasons. Therefore, a high level of trust has to be established between the parties involved in the hardware development lifecycle. During the complex production chain, malicious attackers can insert non-specified functionality by exploiting untrusted processes and backdoors. This work deals with the ways in which such hidden, non-specified functionality can be introduced into hardware systems. After briefly outlining the development and production process of hardware systems, we systematically describe a new type of threat, the hardware Trojan. We provide a historical overview of the development of research activities in this field to show the growing interest of international research in this topic. Current work is considered in more detail. We discuss the components that make up a hardware Trojan as well as the parameters that are relevant for an attack. Furthermore, we describe current approaches for detecting, localizing, and avoiding hardware Trojans to combat them effectively. Moreover, this work develops a comprehensive taxonomy of countermeasures and explains in detail how specific problems are solved. In a final step, we provide an overview of related work and offer an outlook on further research in this field.

Edition Statements

Publication Date:©2013

Publication Statements

Publisher(s):Springer
Place of Publication:Cham, Switzerland
Language:eng
Publication Date:©2013

The Physical Object

Description:1 online resource (xi, 103 pages) : : illustrations

Edition Identifiers

ISBN:9781627052528, 1627052526, 9783031023385, 3031023382
DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-02338-5
oclc:ocn860909294
LC Classification:TK7874.58
Dewey Decimal:005.8

1. Introduction -- 1.1 Motivation -- 1.2 Background -- 1.3 Production process of hardware systems -- 1.3.1 Workflow -- 1.3.2 Vulnerabilities.

2. Hardware Trojans -- 2.1 Components -- 2.1.1 Triggers -- 2.1.2 Payload -- 2.1.3 Interfaces -- 2.2 Types -- 2.3 Attack parameters -- 2.3.1 Level of abstraction -- 2.3.2 Technology domain -- 2.3.3 Target technology -- 2.3.4 Injection phase -- 2.3.5 Attackers -- 2.3.6 Topology -- 2.4 Metrics -- 2.4.1 Structural complexity -- 2.4.2 Impacts -- 2.4.3 Attack probability -- 2.4.4 Activation probability -- 2.4.5 Implementation costs -- 2.4.6 Detection costs.

3. Countermeasures -- 3.1 Introduction and challenges -- 3.2 Detection -- 3.2.1 Formal verification -- 3.2.2 Simulation -- 3.2.3 Logic testing -- 3.2.4 Side-channel analysis -- 3.2.5 Invasion -- 3.3 Localization -- 3.3.1 Activation -- 3.3.2 Mensuration -- 3.3.3 Calculation -- 3.4 Prevention -- 3.4.1 Obfuscation -- 3.4.2 Invasion -- 3.5 Circumventing Trojan countermeasures.

4. Historical overview -- 4.1 Hardware Trojans: the beginnings (2005-2008) -- 4.2 Hardware Trojans: a flood of research (2009-2010) -- 4.3 A reflection on current approaches (2011-2012).

5. Hot topics and conclusions -- 5…

Subjects

attack taxonomy attacker taxonomy Chevaux de Troie (Informatique) Circuits intégrés -- Conception et cons… COMPUTERS -- Security counter-measures taxonomy formal verification hardware security hardware Trojan hardware Trojan taxonomy Hardware Trojans (Computers) Integrated circuits -- Design and const… logic testing side-channel analysis