Hydraulic modeling

<p>Introduction 1</p> <p><b>1 Fundamentals of Modeling 5</b></p> <p>1.1 Modeling as the Method of Cognition 5</p> <p>1.2 Hydraulic and Numerical Modeling 8</p> <p>1.3 Dimensions of Quantity 14</p> <p>1.4 Conditions of Similarity 22</p> <p>1.5 About the Newton's Law of Similarity 27</p> <p><b>2 The Mathematical Models of Fluid Motion 31</b></p> <p>2.1 Preliminary Remarks 31</p> <p>2.2 Conditions of Mass and Momentum Conservation 33</p> <p>2.3 Non-Viscous Fluid 36</p> <p>2.4 Viscous Fluid 39</p> <p>2.5 Turbulence 46</p> <p>2.6 Boundary Conditions 67</p> <p>2.7 Averaging on Space and Time 78</p> <p>2.8 Numerical Modeling 89</p> <p><b>3 Approximate Similarity of Hydraulic Phenomenon 101</b></p> <p>3.1 Inconsistency of Similarity Criterion 101</p> <p>3.2 Approximate Similarity and Distorted Model 103</p> <p>3.3 Self-Similarity 104</p> <p>3.4 Finding of Approximate Similarity Conditions With Application of Dimension Theory 111</p> <p>3.5 Phenomenon Characterization and Criterions Combination 117</p> <p><b>4 Pressure Flows 121</b></p> <p>4.1 Uniform Stream 121</p> <p>4.2 Non-Uniform Flow 153</p> <p>4.3 Non-Stationary Flow 169</p> <p><b>5 Open Flow in Hard Channel 183</b></p> <p>5.1 Specific Character of Open Flows. Role of Froude and Euler Criterions 183</p> <p>5.2 Self-Similarity of Open Flows in Reynolds Criterion. Turbulence Characteristics 192</p> <p>5.3 Simulation of Flow Plan for Channel Flow 203</p> <p>5.4 Non-Steady Open Flows 214</p> <p>5.5 Pressure Model of Open Flow 232</p> <p><b>6 Multi-Component Flows 249</b></p> <p>6.1 General View 249</p> <p>6.2 Transfer of Solids by Fluids 251</p> <p>6.3 Gas Involvement from the Free Surface 263</p> <p>6.4 Structure of Gas-Fluid Flows 272</p> <p><b>7 Flow in the Deformable Channel 279</b></p> <p>7.1 Features of Riverbed Deformations Modeling 279</p> <p>7.2 Local Erosion in the Cohesionless Ground 281</p> <p>7.3 Local Erosions in Solid and Rocky Grounds 291</p> <p>7.4 Alluvial River-Bed Planned Deformations 300</p> <p>7.5 The Ratio of the River-Bed Averaged Characteristics in Nature and on the Model 310</p> <p>7.6 Determining of Planned Deformations on the Pressure Model 317</p> <p>7.7 "Hybrid" Modeling of River-Bed Deformations 321</p> <p>7.8 Flow in the Channel with Grassy Vegetation 328</p> <p><b>8 Heat and Mass Transfer and Phase Transitions 343</b></p> <p>8.1 Heat Transfer in the Equipment Elements 343</p> <p>8.2 Transport Processes in the Fluid 352</p> <p>8.3 Heat Transfer in the Water Reservoirs-Coolers 376</p> <p>8.4 Phase Transformations 388</p> <p>8.5 Cavitation 391</p> <p><b>9 Hydrodynamic Loads 399</b></p> <p>9.1 The Structure and the Variants of Loading Schemes 400</p> <p>9.2 Pressure Pulsations at the Points of Border Flow 414</p> <p>9.3 Jet Impact 472</p> <p>9.4 Vibrations 482</p> <p>9.5 Hydroelasticity 495</p> <p>9.6 Complex Modeling of Hydrodynamic Loads 504</p> <p>9.6.1 Pressure Pulsations at the Point of Water Fight Against Measurements in Nature and Model 505</p> <p>9.6.2 The Pulsation Pressure in the Head Spillway Measurement in Nature and Model 532</p> <p>9.6.3 Complex Modeling of Stress Under Hydrodynamic Loads 548</p> <p>Conclusion 557</p> <p>References 559</p> <p>Addition Reference (Index A) 571</p> <p>Appendix 579</p> <p>Index 589</p>