Intelligent and connected vehicle security

Intelligent and Connected Vehicles (ICVs) are moving into the mainstream of the worldwide automotive industry. A lot of advanced technologies, like artificial intelligence, big data, millimeter wave radar, LiDAR and high-definition camera based real-time environmental perception, etc., are increasingly being applied in ICVs, making them more intelligent and connected with devices surrounding the vehicles. However, although the versatile connection and information exchange among ICVs, external devices and human beings provides vehicles with a better and faster perception of surrounding environments and a better driving experience for users, they also create a series of intrusion portals for malicious attackers which threaten the safety of drivers and passengers. This book is concerned with the recognition and protection against such threats. Security for ICVs includes information across the fields of automobile engineering, artificial intelligence, computer, microelectronics, automatic control, communication technology, big data, edge/cloud computing and others. This book comprehensively and systematically introduces security threats to ICVs coming from automotive technology development, on-board sensors, vehicle networking, automobile communications, intelligent transportation, big data, cloud computing, etc. Then, through discussion of some typical automobile cyber-attack cases studies, readers will gain a deeper understanding of the working principle of ICVs, so that they can test vehicles more objectively and scientifically. In this way they will find the existence of vulnerabilities and security risks and take the corresponding protective measures to prevent malicious attacks.

Preface xi List of Figures xiii List of Tables xix List of Abbreviations xxi 1 Vehicle Bus Security 1 1.1 Vehicle Bus 1 1.1.1 Overview of Vehicle Bus 1 1.1.2 Categories of Vehicle Bus 2 1.1.2.1 LIN Bus 3 1.1.2.2 CAN Bus 5 1.1.2.3 FlexRay Bus 8 1.1.2.4 MOST Bus 9 1.1.2.5 Automotive Ethernet Bus 11 1.1.3 Threat Analysis of Vehicle Bus 12 1.2 CAN Bus Vulnerability and Analysis 13 1.2.1 CAN Bus Architecture 13 1.2.2 On-Board CAN Bus Access 17 1.2.3 Reverse CAN Bus Communication 19 1.2.4 Analysis of CAN Message Data 21 1.2.5 Fuzz Testing of CAN Bus 22 1.3 Analysis of OBD-II Interface Attack Technology 24 1.3.1 Overview of OBD-II 24 1.3.2 Attack Technique Analysis of OBD Box 26 1.3.2.1 Attack Surface Analysis 27 1.3.2.2 Attack Process Analysis 29 1.3.2.3 Invade Car CAN Bus 35 1.4 Attack Experiment Against Vehicle Bus 35 1.4.1 Control of the Display of Vehicle Dashboard 36 1.4.2 Vehicle Status Tampering via Body Control Module 39 1.4.2.1 Control the Door Lock Switch 40 1.4.2.2 Car Lights and Wiper Attacks 41 1.4.3 CAN Bus Overload via Flood Attack 42 1.5 Experiment of Driving Behaviour Analysis 43 1.5.1 A Novel Scheme About Driving Behaviour Extraction 43 1.5.1.1 Extraction and Processin…