Nanofiltration: principles, applications, and new materials

"Nanofiltration is a membrane filtration process that is used for removing small particles from liquids. Traditionally nanofiltration has been used for water treatment and especially water softening through the removal of ions like Ca2+ and Mg2+. Nowadays it is used in a wide range of industries, including milk and juice production as well as the pharmaceutical and chemical industries"--

Principles. History of Nanofiltration Membranes from 1960 to 1990 / Charles Linder, Ora Kedem -- Nanofiltration Membrane Materials and Preparation / Hanne Marin, Rhea Verbeke, Ivo FJ Vankelecom -- Nanofiltration Module Design and Operation / Tzyy Haur Chong, Anthony G Fane -- Nanofiltration Membrane Characterization / Anthony Szymczyk, Viatcheslav Freger -- Modeling Nanofiltration of Electrolyte Solutions* / Andriy Yaroshchuk, Merlin L Bruening, Emiliy Zholkovskiy -- Chemical Speciation Effects in Nanofiltration Separation / T David Waite -- Fouling in Nanofiltration / Andrea I Schafer, Nikolaos Andritsos, Anastasios J Karabelas, Eric MV Hoek, Rene Schneider, Marianne Nystrom -- Pretreatment and Hybrid Processes / Jack Gilron, Marianne Nystrom, Jukka Tanninen, Lena Kamppinen -- Applications. Water Treatment / Erich Wittmann, Edvard Sivertsen, Thor Thorsen -- Water Reclamation, Remediation, and Cleaner Production with Nanofiltration / Yoram Cohen, Jin Y Choi, Anditya Rahardianto -- Nanofiltration in the Food Industry / Marie-Pierre Belleville, Jose Sanchez-Marcano, Gerrald Bargeman, Martin Timmer -- Nanofiltration in the Chemical Processing Industry / Markus Kyburz, G Wytze Meinder…