Natural gas hydrates: a guide for engineers

Rarely covered in formal engineering courses, natural gas hydrates are a common problem and real-life danger for engineers worldwide. Updated and more practical than ever, Natural Gas Hydrates, Third Edition helps managers and engineers get up to speed on all the most common hydrate types, how to forecast when they will appear, and safely mitigate their removal. Known for being highly flammable, gas hydrates are a preventable threat that can costs millions of dollars in damage, as well as take the lives of workers and engineers on the rig. The third edition of Natural Gas Hydrates is enhanced with today's more complex yet practical utilization needs including: New hydrate types and formers, including mercaptans and other sulfur compounds Vital information on how to handle hydrate formation in the wellbore, useful information in light of the Macondo explosion and resulting oil spill More detailed phase diagrams, such as ternary systems, as well as more relevant multicomponent mixtures Quantifiably measure the conditions that make hydrates possible and mitigate the right equipment correctly Predict and examine the conditions at which hydrates form with simple and complex calculation exercises Gain knowledge and review lessons learned from new real-world case studies and examples, covering capital costs, dehydration, and new computer methods.

Front Cover -- NATURAL GAS HYDRATES: A Guide for Engineers -- COPYRIGHT -- CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION -- PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION -- PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION -- Chapter 1 -- Introduction -- 1.1 NATURAL GAS -- 1.2 THE WATER MOLECULE -- 1.3 HYDRATES -- 1.4 WATER AND NATURAL GAS -- 1.5 HEAVY WATER -- 1.6 ADDITIONAL READING -- 1.7 UNITS -- 1.8 QUANTIFYING ERROR -- REFERENCES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 2 -- Hydrate Types and Formers -- 2.1 TYPE I HYDRATES -- 2.2 TYPE II HYDRATES -- 2.3 TYPE H HYDRATES -- 2.4 THE SIZE OF THE GUEST MOLECULE -- 2.5 N-BUTANE -- 2.6 OTHER HYDROCARBONS -- 2.7 CYCLOPROPANE -- 2.8 2-BUTENE -- 2.9 HYDROGEN AND HELIUM -- 2.10 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF POTENTIAL GUESTS -- 2.11 LIQUID HYDRATE FORMERS -- 2.12 HYDRATE FORMING CONDITIONS -- 2.13 V+LA+H CORRELATIONS -- 2.14 LA+LN+H CORRELATIONS -- 2.15 QUADRUPLE POINTS -- 2.16 OTHER HYDRATE FORMERS -- 2.17 HYDRATE FORMATION AT 0°C -- 2.18 MIXTURES -- APPENDIX 2A WATER CONTENT OF THE FLUID IN EQUILIBRIUM WITH HYDRATE FOR PURE COMPONENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 -- Hand Calculation Methods -- 3.1 THE GAS GRAVITY METHOD -- 3.2 THE K-FACTOR METHOD -- 3.3 BAILLIE-WICHERT METHOD -- 3.…