Research methods for the behavioral sciences

Section 1: Scientific Inquiry<br />Chapter 1: Introduction to Scientific Thinking<br /> 1.1 Science as a Method of Knowing<br /> 1.2 The Scientific Method<br /> 1.3 Other Methods of Knowing<br /> 1.4 The Goals of Science<br /> 1.5 Approaches in Acquiring Knowledge<br /> 1.6 Distinguishing Science From Pseudoscience<br />Chapter 2: Generating Testable Ideas<br /> 2.1 Generating Interesting and Novel Ideas<br /> 2.2 Converting Ideas to Hypotheses and Theories<br /> 2.3 Developing Your Idea: Deduction and Induction<br /> 2.4 Performing a Literature Review<br /> 2.5 Ethics in Focus: Giving Proper Credit<br /> 2.6 The "3 Cs" of an Effective Literature Review<br /> 2.7 Testing Your Idea: Confirmation and Disconfirmation<br /> 2.8 Ethics in Focus: Publication Bias<br />Chapter 3: Research Ethics<br /> 3.1 Ethics in Behavioral Research<br /> 3.2 The Need for Ethics Committees in Research: A Historical Synopsis<br /> 3.3 Ethics in Focus: Examples From Psychology<br /> 3.4 Human Participant Research: IRBs and the APA Code of Conduct<br /> 3.5 Ethics in Focus: Anonymity and Confidentiality<br /> 3.6 Animal Subject Research: IACUCs and the APA Code of Conduct<br /> 3.7 Additional Ethical Considerations: Scientific Integrity<br />Section II: Defining and Measuring Variables, Selecting Samples, and Choosing an Appropriate Research Design<br />Chapter 4: Identifying Scientific Variables<br /> 4.1 Criteria for Defining and Measuring Variables<br /> 4.2 Constructs and Operational Definitions<br /> 4.3 Types of Variables<br /> 4.4 Scales of Measurement<br /> 4.5 Reliability of a Measurement<br /> 4.6 Validity of a Measurement<br /> 4.7. Selecting a Measurement Procedure<br /> 4.8 Ethics in Focus: Replication as a Gauge for Fraud?<br /> 4.9 SPSS in Focus: Entering and Coding Data<br />Chapter 5: Sampling From Populations<br /> 5.1 Why Do Researchers Select Samples?<br /> 5.2 Subjects, Participants, and Sampling Methods<br /> 5.3 Methods of Sampling: Nonprobability Sampling<br /> 5.4 Methods of Sampling: Probability Sampling<br /> 5.5 Sampling Error and Standard Error of the Mean<br /> 5.6 SPSS in Focus: Estimating the Standard Error of the Mean<br /> 5.7 Potential Biases in Sampling<br /> 5.8 Ethics in Focus: Participant Pools<br /> 5.9 SPSS in Focus: Identifying New Populations Using the One-Sample t Test<br />Chapter 6: Choosing a Research Design<br /> 6.1 Designing a Study to Answer a Question<br /> 6.2 Categories of Research Design<br /> 6.3 Internal and External Validity<br /> 6.4 Demonstrating Cause in an Experiment<br /> 6.5 Ethics in Focus: Beneficence and Random Assignment<br /> 6.6 Threats to the Internal Validity of a Research Study<br /> 6.7 Threats to the External Validity of a Research Study<br /> 6.8 External Validity, Experimentation, and Realism<br /> 6.9 A Final Thought on Validity and Choosing a Research Design<br />Section III: Nonexperimental Research Designs<br />Chapter 7: Naturalistic, Qualitative, and Existing Data Research Designs<br /> Naturalistic Observation<br /> 7.1 An Overview of Naturalistic Observation<br /> 7.2 The Research Setting: Natural and Contrived Settings<br /> 7.3 Techniques for Conducting Naturalistic Observation<br /> 7.4 Ethics in Focus: Influencing Participant Behavior<br /> Qualitative Designs<br /> 7.5 An Overview of Qualitative Designs<br /> 7.6 Qualitative Research Designs<br /> 7.7 Ethics in Focus: Anonymity in Qualitative Research<br /> Existing Data Designs<br /> 7.8 An Overview of Existing Data Designs<br /> 7.9 Existing Data Designs<br /> 7.10 Ethics in Focus: Existing Data and Experimenter Bias<br />Chapter 8: Survey and Correlational Research Designs<br /> Survey Designs<br /> 8.1 An Overview of Survey Designs<br /> 8.2 Types of Survey Items<br /> 8.3 Rules for Writing Survey Items<br /> 8.4 Administering Surveys<br /> 8.5 Surveys, Sampling, and Nonresponse Bias<br /> 8.6 Ethics in Focus: Handling and Administering Surveys<br /> Correlational Designs<br /> 8.7 The Structure of Correlational Designs<br /> 8.8 Describing the Relationship Between Variables<br /> 8.9 Limitations in Interpretation<br /> 8.10 Correlation, Regression, and Prediction<br /> 8.11 SPSS in Focus: Correlation and Linear Regression<br />Section IV: Quasi- Experimental and Experimental Research Designs<br />Chapter 9: Quasi-Experimental and Single-Case Experimental Designs<br /> Quasi-Experimental Designs<br /> 9.1 An Overview of Quasi-Experimental Designs<br /> 9.2 Quasi-Experimental Design: One-Group Designs<br /> 9.3 Quasi-Experimental Design: Nonequivalent Control Group Designs<br /> 9.4 Quasi-Experimental Design: Time Series Designs<br /> 9.5 Quasi-Experimental Design: Developmental Designs<br /> 9.6 Ethics in Focus: Development and Aging<br /> Single-Case Experimental Designs<br /> 9.7 An Overview of Single-Case Designs<br /> 9.8 Single-Case Baseline-Phase Designs<br /> 9.9 Validity, Stability, Magnitude, and Generality<br /> 9.10 Ethics in Focus: The Ethics of Innovation<br />Chapter 10: Betw