Solar energy: an introduction

Solar Energy presents an introduction to all aspects of solar energy, from photovoltaic devices to active and passive solar thermal energy conversion, giving both a detailed and broad perspective of the field. It is aimed at the beginner involved in solar energy or a related field, or for someone wanting to gain a broader perspective of solar energy technologies. A chapter considering solar radiation, basic principles applied to solar energy, semiconductor physics, and light absorption brings the reader on equal footing with the technology of either solar generated electrical current or useful heat. Details of how a solar cell works and then production of current from a photovoltaic device is discussed. Characterization of a solar cell is examined, allowing one the ability to interpret the current-voltage relation, followed by discussion of parameter extraction from this relation. This information can be used to understand what limits the performance of a given solar cell with the potential to optimize its performance. Applications of solar thermal energy are reviewed in detail from passive applications, for example the solar chimney, to active, such as the solar (power) tower, flat plate water heater, and solar thermal electricity generation. Consistency of analysis between the solar thermal applications is used enabling the reader to fully appreciate similarities and dissimilarities between these technologies. Ultimately, the scientist or engineer can understand existing systems, either photovoltaic or solar thermal devices, and design their own technology given the information in this book.

Includes index.

1. Why solar energy is important -- Should solar energy be harvested? -- The magnitude of energy consumption -- The future for solar energy -- 2. Solar radiation -- Fusion in the sun -- Extraterrestrial solar radiation -- Earth and sun geometry -- Terrestrial solar radiation -- Useful irradiance -- Time averages -- 3. Basic principles -- Thermodynamics : closed systems -- Thermodynamics : open systems -- Light absorption -- Photovoltaics -- Solar thermal systems -- 4. Electrons in solids -- The nature of radiation -- Band structure -- Schrödinger's equation -- Electron in a box -- Electron in a periodic potential -- Band diagrams -- Dynamics -- Density of states -- 5. Light absorption -- Absorption of radiation -- Absorption coefficient -- Band gap energy determination -- Generation of heat -- 6. The photovoltaic device -- What happens inside a photovoltaic device? -- Details of what happens in a photovoltaic device -- Current-voltage relation -- Parameters for an operating photovoltaic device -- 7. The solar chimney and tower -- The chimney -- The solar chimney -- The solar tower -- 8. The flat plate solar energy collector -- The basic system -- The effect of a cover -- The effec…