Spanish Grammar Made Easy

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- A simple guide to the parts of speech -- 1 Verbs -- 1.1 Verbs: talking about what you do -- 1.1.1 What is the infinitive? -- 1.1.2 Groups of verbs -- 1.1.3 Irregular verbs -- 1.1.4 The 'persons' of the verb -- 1.1.5 Fast track: verbs -- 1.2 Talking about what you are doing now: the present tense -- 1.2.1 Talking about what you are doing at this moment: the present continuous tense -- 1.2.2 Talking about yourself: yo -- 1.2.3 Talking to someone younger or someone you know well: tú -- 1.2.4 Talking about someone or something else: él/ella and usted -- 1.2.5 Talking about yourself and someone else: nosotros/as -- 1.2.6 Talking to more than one person you know well: vosotros/as -- 1.2.7 Talking about other people and things: ellos/ellas and ustedes -- 1.2.8 Fast track: present tense -- 1.3 Saying 'no', asking questions and telling someone what to do: negatives, interrogatives and imperatives -- 1.3.1 Negatives: how to say what you don't do -- 1.3.2 Interrogatives: asking questions -- 1.3.3 Imperatives: giving orders, directions or instructions -- 1.3.4 Fast track: negatives, interrogatives and imperatives -- 1.4 Talking about what has already happened : the past tenses -- 1.4.1 The perfect tense -- 1.4.2 How to form the past participle -- 1.4.3 Reflexive verbs in the perfect tense -- 1.4.4 When to use the imperfect tense -- 1.4.5 How to form the imperfect tense -- 1.4.6 Checklist: imperfect tense -- 1.4.7 The preterite tense -- 1.4.8 Checklist: preterite tense -- 1.4.9 Preterite or imperfect? -- 1.4.10 Fast track: the past tenses -- 1.5 Talking about what will happen : the future tenses and the conditional -- 1.5.1 The near future/immediate future: I am going to ... -- 1.5.2 The future simple tense: I will ... -- 1.5.3 The conditional - how to say: I would ...

1.5.4 Fast track: future and conditional -- 1.6 Expressing wishes, desires, doubts and uncertainties: the subjunctive -- 1.6.1 Expressing uncertainty, wishes and desires: how to form the subjunctive -- 1.6.2 Expressions which take the subjunctive -- 1.6.3 Recognising the subjunctive -- 1.6.4 Fast track: the subjunctive -- 1.7 Fast track: verbs -- 1.8 Useful expressions using verbs -- 1.8.1 To be or not to be: ser or estar? -- 1.8.2 Special uses of tener -- 1.8.3 There is/There are: hay -- 1.8.4 To know: conocer or saber? -- 1.8.5 Impersonal verbs -- 1.8.6 To take, bring, look for, fetch, meet a person -- 1.8.7 To remember -- 1.8.8 Negative expressions -- 1.8.9 Question words and word order -- 1.8.10 Since (desde hace) -- to have just (acabar de) -- 1.8.11 Fast track: useful expressions using verbs -- 2 Nouns and determiners -- 2.1 Nouns and gender -- 2.2 Nouns and the words for 'the': el and la -- 2.2.1 The neutral article: lo -- 2.3 Nouns and the words for 'the' in the plural: los and las -- 2.3.1 Common irregular plurals -- 2.4 Nouns and the words for 'a': un and una -- 2.4.1 Nouns with masculine and feminine forms -- 2.5 How to tell if a noun is masculine or feminine -- 2.6 'My', 'your', 'his', 'her', etc.: possessive adjectives -- 2.6.1 My (mi, mis) -- 2.6.2 Your (tu, tus) -- 2.6.3 His, her and its (su, sus) -- 2.6.4 Our (nuestro/a, nuestros/as) -- 2.6.5 Your (vuestro/a, vuestros/as) -- 2.6.6 Their (su, sus) -- 2.6.7 Your (formal) (su, sus) -- 2.6.8 Fast track: nouns and determiners -- 2.7 More determiners -- 2.7.1 This, these: este/esta and estos/estas -- 2.7.2 That, those: ese/esa/esos/esas and aquel/aquella/aquellos/aquellas -- 2.7.3 ¿Cuánto/Cuánta? and ¿Cuántos/Cuántas? -- 2.7.4 Some, other, all, any, every, etc. -- 3 Pronouns -- 3.1 yo, tú, usted, él, ella, etc.: subject pronouns -- 3.1.1 Yo - I: the first person singular

3.1.2 Tú - you: the familiar singular form -- 3.1.3 Él/ella - he/she/it: the third person singular -- 3.1.4 Usted - you: the formal singular form -- 3.1.5 Nosotros/as - we: the first person plural -- 3.1.6 Vosotros/as - you: the familiar plural form -- 3.1.7 Ellos/ellas - they: the third person plural -- 3.1.8 Ustedes - you: the formal plural form -- 3.1.9 Fast track: subject pronouns -- 3.2 Lo, la, los, las - him, her, it, them: direct object pronouns -- 3.2.1 Lo, la, los, las - him, her, it, them, you -- 3.2.2 Me, te, nos, os - me, you, us -- 3.2.3 Fast track: direct object pronouns -- 3.3 Me, te, le, nos, os, les: indirect object pronouns -- 3.3.1 Word order: indirect object pronouns -- 3.3.2 Word order: direct and indirect object pronouns -- 3.3.3 Fast track: indirect object pronouns -- 3.4 Mí, ti, etc.: prepositional/disjunctive pronouns -- 3.5 Object pronouns and the imperative -- 3.5.1 Pronouns with reflexive verbs in the imperative -- 3.5.2 Order of pronouns in the imperative -- 3.6 ¿Quién? ¿Qué?: interrogative words -- 3.7 Mío, tuyo, etc.: possessive pronouns -- 3.8 Que, quien, etc.: relative pronouns -- 3.8.1 Que - who, which, that -- 3.8.2 Quien(es) - (with, for, etc.) whom -- 3.8.3 El cual, etc. - who/whom/which -- 3.8.4 Cuyo/a, cuyos/as - whose -- 3.9 Éste/ésta, ése/ésa, aquél/aquélla - this, that, etc. -- 3.10 Fast track: pronouns -- 4 Adjectives -- 4.1 Adjectival agreement -- 4.1.1 Adjectives ending in -o -- 4.1.2 Adjectives ending in -e -- 4.1.3 Adjectives ending in a consonant -- 4.1.4 Other patterns -- 4.1.5 Adjectives of nationality -- 4.1.6 Colours -- 4.1.7 Apocopation -- 4.2 The position of adjectives -- 4.3 Fast track: adjectives -- 4.4 Big, bigger, biggest: the comparative and superlative -- 4.4.1 Comparing two people or things -- 4.4.2 The superlative: 'the most ... ' and 'the least ... ' -- 4.4.3 Saying 'as (big) as'

4.4.4 Better, worse, older and younger: irregular comparisons -- 4.4.5 Fast track: comparative and superlative -- 5 Adverbs -- 5.1 Formation of adverbs -- 5.1.1 Regular adverbs -- 5.1.2 Irregular adverbs -- 5.1.3 Pairs of adverbs -- 5.2 Other useful adverbs -- 5.3 Comparison of adverbs -- 5.4 Fast track: adverbs -- 6 Prepositions -- 6.1 Recognising prepositions -- 6.2 Using prepositions -- 6.2.1 a and en -- 6.2.2 por and para -- 6.2.3 con and sin -- 6.2.4 de and entre -- 6.2.5 hacia and hasta -- 6.2.6 según -- 6.2.7 sobre, en and encima de -- 6.2.8 detrás de, tras and después de -- 6.2.9 delante de, ante and enfrente de -- 6.2.10 desde -- 6.2.11 Fast track: prepositions -- 7 Conjunctions and other useful words -- Appendix I: verb tables -- Appendix II: grammar: what is it? -- Answers