The Soviet biological weapons program: a history

The Soviet Union's biological warfare program, 1926-1972. Beginnings of the "modern" Soviet BW program, 1970-1977. The USSR Ministry of Defense facilities and the Soviet biological warfare program. The open-air testing of biological weapons by Aralsk-7 on Vozrozhdeniye Island. Defensive activities against biological warfare carried out in the Soviet civilian sector. Biopreparat's role in the Soviet BW program and its survival in Russia. Biopreparat's State Research Center for Applied Microbiology (SRCAM). All-Union Research Institute of Molecular Biology SPA ("Vector"). Biopreparat facilities at Leningrad, Lyubuchany, and Stepnogorsk. Soviet biological weapons and doctrines for their use. Assessments of Soviet biological warfare activities by Western intelligence services. United States covert biological warfare disinformation. Distinguishing between offensive and defensive biological warfare activities. Soviet allegations of the use of biological weapons by the United States. Sverdlovsk 1979: the release of bacillus anthracis spores from a Soviet Ministry of Defense facility and its consequences. Allegations of Soviet responsibility for the use of mycotoxins. Collaboration of Warsaw Pact states in the USSR's biological warfare program. The question of biological weapons proliferation from the USSR biological warfare program. Recalcitrant Russian policies in a parallel area: chemical weapon demilitarization. The USSR, Russia and biological warfare arms control. The Gorbachev years: the Soviet biological weapons program, 1985-1992. Boris Yeltsin to the present. United States and international efforts to prevent proliferation of biological weapons expertise from the former Soviet Union

The Soviet Union's biological warfare program, 1926-1972. Beginnings of the "modern" Soviet BW program, 1970-1977. The USSR Ministry of Defense facilities and the Soviet biological warfare program -- The open-air testing of biological weapons by Aralsk-7 on Vozrozhdeniye Island -- Defensive activities against biological warfare carried out in the Soviet civilian sector -- Biopreparat's role in the Soviet BW program and its survival in Russia -- Biopreparat's State Research Center for Applied Microbiology (SRCAM). All-Union Research Institute of Molecular Biology SPA ("Vector"). Biopreparat facilities at Leningrad, Lyubuchany, and Stepnogorsk -- Soviet biological weapons and doctrines for their use -- Assessments of Soviet biological warfare activities by Western intelligence services -- United States covert biological warfare disinformation -- Distinguishing between offensive and defensive biological warfare activities -- Soviet allegations of the use of biological weapons by the United States -- Sverdlovsk 1979: the release of bacillus anthracis spores from a Soviet Ministry of Defense facility and its consequences -- Allegations of Soviet responsibility for the use of mycotoxins…