Understanding Automotive Electronics: An Engineering Perspective

Front Cover -- Understanding Automotive Electronics: An Engineering Perspective -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Overview -- Chapter 2 -- Resistor -- Capacitor -- Inductor -- Chapter 3 -- Chapter 4 -- Chapter 5 -- Sensors -- Actuators -- Chapter 6 -- Chapter 7 -- Chapter 8 -- Chapter 9 -- Chapter 10 -- Chapter 11 -- Chapter 12 -- Chapter 2: Electronic Fundamentals -- Semiconductor Devices -- Diodes -- Zener Diode -- Electro Optics -- Photo Conductor -- Photo Diode -- Light Generating Diode -- Laser Diode -- Rectifier Circuit -- Communications Applications of Diodes -- Transistors -- Field-Effect Transistors -- FET Theory -- FET Amplifier -- Integrated Circuits -- Operational Amplifiers -- Use of Feedback in Op-Amps -- Summing Mode Amplifier -- Comparator -- Zero-Crossing Detector -- Phase-Locked Loop -- Sample and Zero-Order Hold Circuits -- Zero-Order Hold Circuit -- Bidirectional Switch -- Digital Circuits -- Binary Number System -- Logic Circuits (Combinatorial) -- AND Gate -- OR Gate -- NOT Gate -- Boolean Algebra -- Exemplary Circuits for Logic Gates -- Combination Logic Circuits -- Logic Circuits with Memory (Sequential) -- R-S Flip-Flop -- JK Flip-Flop -- D Flip-Flop -- Timer Circuit -- Synchronous Counter -- Register Circuits -- Shift Register -- Digital Integrated Circuits -- The MPU -- Chapter 3: Microcomputer Instrumentation and Control -- Microcomputer Fundamentals -- Digital Computer -- Parts of a Computer -- Microcomputers versus Mainframe Computers -- Programs -- Microcomputer Tasks -- Microcomputer Operations -- Buses -- Memory-Read/Write -- Timing -- Addressing Peripherals -- CPU Registers -- Accumulator Register -- Condition Code Register -- Branching -- Microprocessor Architecture -- Reading Instructions -- Initialization -- Operation Codes -- Program Counter -- Branch Instruction -- Offset example

Jump Instruction -- Jump-to-Subroutine Instruction -- Saving the program counter -- Example Use of a Microcomputer -- Buffer -- Programming Languages -- Assembly Language -- Logic Functions -- Shift -- Programming the AND Function in Assembly Language -- Masking -- Shift and AND -- Use of Subroutines -- Microcomputer Hardware -- Central Processing Unit -- Memory: ROM -- Memory: RAM -- I/O Parallel Interface -- Digital-to-Analog Converter -- Analog-to-Digital Converter -- Sampling -- Polling -- Interrupts -- Vectored Interrupts -- Microcomputer Applications in Automotive Systems -- Instrumentation Applications of Microcomputers -- Digital Filters -- Microcomputers in Control Systems -- Closed-Loop Control System -- Limit-Cycle Controller -- Feedback Control Systems -- Table Lookup -- Multivariable and Multiple Task Systems -- AUTOSAR -- Chapter 4: The Basics of Electronic Engine Control -- Motivation for Electronic Engine Control -- Exhaust Emissions -- Fuel Economy -- Federal Government Test Procedures -- Fuel Economy Requirements -- Meeting the Requirements -- The Role of Electronics -- Additional cost incentive -- Concept of an Electronic Engine Control System -- Inputs to Controller -- Output from Controller -- Basic Principle of Four-Stroke Engine Operation -- Definition of Engine Performance Terms -- Torque -- Power -- Fuel Consumption -- Engine Overall Efficiency -- Calibration -- Engine Mapping -- Effect of Air/Fuel Ratio on Performance -- Effect of Spark Timing on Performance -- Effect of EGR on Performance -- Exhaust Catalytic Converters -- Oxidizing Catalytic Converter -- The Three-Way Catalyst -- Electronic Fuel Control System -- Engine Control Sequence -- OL Control -- CL Control -- EGO concentration -- CL Operation -- Frequency and deviation of the fuel controller -- Analysis of Intake Manifold Pressure -- Measuring Air Mass

Speed-density method -- Influence of Valve System on Volumetric Efficiency -- Including EGR -- Idle Speed Control -- Electronic Ignition -- Chapter 5: Sensors and Actuators -- Automotive Control System Applications of Sensors and Actuators -- Variables to be Measured -- Airflow Rate Sensor -- Pressure Measurements -- Strain gauge MAP sensor -- Engine Crankshaft Angular Position Sensor -- Magnetic Reluctance Position Sensor -- Engine angular speed sensor -- Timing sensor for ignition and fuel delivery -- Hall-Effect Position Sensor -- The Hall-effect -- Shielded-field sensor -- Optical Crankshaft Position Sensor -- Throttle Angle Sensor -- Temperature Sensors -- Typical Coolant Sensor -- Sensors for Feedback Control -- Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensor -- Desirable EGO characteristics -- Switching characteristics -- Oxygen Sensor Improvements -- Knock Sensors -- Angular Rate Sensor -- LIDAR -- Digital Video Camera -- Flex-Fuel Sensor -- Oscillator Methods of Measuring Capacitance -- Acceleration Sensor -- Automotive Engine Control Actuators -- Fuel Injection -- Fuel injector signal -- Exhaust Gas Recirculation Actuator -- Variable Valve Timing -- VVP Mechanism Model -- Electric Motor Actuators -- Two-Phase Induction Motor -- Brushless DC Motors -- Stepper Motors -- Ignition System -- Ignition Coil Operations -- Chapter 6: Digital Powertrain Control Systems -- Introduction -- Digital Engine Control -- Digital Engine Control Features -- Control Modes for Fuel Control -- Engine Start -- Open-Loop Mode -- Acceleration/Deceleration -- Idle Mode -- Engine Control Configuration -- Engine Crank -- Engine Warm-Up -- Open-Loop Control -- Closed-Loop Control -- Acceleration Enrichment -- Deceleration Leaning -- Idle Speed Control -- Discrete Time Idle Speed Control -- EGR Control -- Variable Valve Timing Control -- Turbocharging -- Direct Fuel Injection -- Flex Fuel

Electronic Ignition Control -- Closed-Loop Ignition Timing -- Spark Advance Correction Scheme -- Integrated Engine Control System -- Secondary Air Management -- Evaporative Emissions Canister Purge -- Automatic System Adjustment -- System Diagnosis -- Summary of Control Modes -- Engine Crank (Start) -- Engine Warm-Up -- Open-Loop Control -- Closed-Loop Control -- Hard Acceleration -- Deceleration and Idle -- Automatic Transmission Control -- Torque Converter Lock-Up Control -- Differential and Traction Control -- Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain Control -- Chapter 7: Vehicle Motion Controls -- Representative Cruise Control System -- Digital Cruise Control -- Hardware Implementation Issues -- Throttle Actuator -- Cruise Control Electronics -- Stepper Motor-based Actuator Electronics -- Vacuum-Operated Actuator -- Advanced Cruise Control -- Antilock Braking System -- Tire Slip Controller -- Electronic Suspension System -- Variable Damping via Variable Strut Fluid Viscosity -- Variable Spring Rate -- Electronic Suspension Control System -- Electronic Steering Control -- Four-Wheel Steering CAR -- Summary -- Chapter 8: Automotive Instrumentation -- Modern Automotive Instrumentation -- Input and Output Signal Conversion -- Multiplexing -- Multirate Sampling -- Advantages of Computer-Based Instrumentation -- Display Devices -- Galvanometer-Type Display -- Electro Optic Displays -- Light-Emitting Diode -- Liquid-Crystal Display -- Transmissive LCD -- Vacuum-Fluorescent Display -- Alpha-Numeric Display -- Flat Panel Display Instrument Clusters -- Pictorial Display Capability of FPD -- Digital Maps -- Touch Screen -- Measurement Examples -- Fuel Quantity Measurement -- Coolant Temperature Measurement -- Oil Pressure Measurement -- Vehicle Speed Measurement -- Trip Information Function of the System -- Chapter 9: Vehicle Communications -- IVN -- CAN

CAN Bus Transceiver -- CAN Electronic Circuits -- Arbitration on CAN -- Local Interconnect Network (LIN) -- FlexRay IVN -- FlexRay Transceiver Circuit -- MOST IVN -- Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication -- Vehicle-to-Cellular Infrastructure -- Quadrature Phase Shifter and Phase Modulation (QPSR) -- Short-Range Wireless Communications -- Satellite Vehicle Communication -- GPS Navigation -- The GPS System Structure -- Safety Aspects of Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Communication -- Chapter 10: Electronic Safety-Related Systems -- Airbag Safety Device -- Blind Spot Detection -- Automatic Collision Avoidance System -- Lane Departure Monitor -- Tire Pressure Monitoring System -- Enhanced Vehicle Stability -- Chapter 11: Diagnostics -- Electronic Control System Diagnostics -- Service Bay Diagnostic Tool -- Onboard Diagnostics -- Model-Based Sensor Failure Detection -- General Model-Based Diagnostics -- Diagnostic Fault Codes -- Onboard Diagnosis (OBD II) -- Misfire Detection -- Model-Based Misfire Detection System -- Expert Systems in Automotive Diagnosis -- Chapter 12: Autonomous Vehicles -- Automatic Parallel Parking System -- Autonomous Vehicle Block Diagram -- Appendix A: The Systems Approach to Control and Instrumentation -- Overview -- Concept of a System -- Block Diagram Representation of a System -- Analog (Continuous Time) Systems -- Linear System Theory: Continuous Time -- First-Order System -- Second-Order System -- Steady-State Sinusoidal Frequency Response of a System -- State Variable Formulation of Models -- Control Theory -- Open-Loop Control -- Closed-Loop Control -- Stability of Control System -- Root-Locus Techniques -- Robustness of Control-System Stability -- Closed-Loop Limit-Cycle Control -- Instrumentation -- Measurement -- Issues -- Systematic Errors -- Basic Measurement System -- Sensor -- Random Errors -- Signal Processing

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