Variable speed generators

<P><STRONG>Wound-Rotor Induction Generators: Steady State<BR></STRONG>Introduction<B><BR></B>Construction Elements<B><BR></B>Steady-State Equations<B><BR></B>Equivalent Circuit<B><BR></B>Phasor Diagrams<B><BR></B>Operation at the Power Grid<B><BR></B>Autonomous Operation of WRIGs<B><BR></B>Operation of WRIGs in the Brushless Exciter Mode<B><BR></B>Losses and Efficiency of WRIGs<B><BR></B>Summary<B><BR></B>References</P><B><P>Wound-Rotor Induction Generators: Transients and Control<BR></B>Introduction<B><BR></B>WRIG Phase Coordinate Model<B><BR></B>Space-Phasor Model of WRIG<B><BR></B>Space-Phasor Equivalent Circuits and Diagrams<B><BR></B>Approaches to WRIG Transients<B><BR></B>Static Power Converters for WRIGs<B><BR></B>Vector Control of WRIG at Power Grid<B><BR></B>Direct Power Control of WRIG at Power Grid<B><BR></B>Independent Vector Control of Positive and Negative Sequence Currents<B><BR></B>Motion-Sensorless Control<B><BR></B>Vector Control in Stand-Alone Operation<B><BR></B>Self-Starting, Synchronization, and Loading at the Power Grid<B><BR></B>Voltage and Current Low-Frequency Harmonics of WRIG<B><BR></B>Ride-Through Control of DFIG under Unbalanced Voltage Sags<B><BR></B>Stand-Alone DFIG Control under Unbalanced Nonlinear Loads<B><BR></B>Summary<B><BR></B>References</P><B><P>Wound-Rotor Induction Generators: Design and Testing<BR></B>Introduction<B><BR></B>Design Specifications: An Example<B><BR></B>Stator Design<B><BR></B>Rotor Design<B><BR></B>Magnetization Current<B><BR></B>Reactances and Resistances<B><BR></B>Electrical Losses and Efficiency<B><BR></B>Testing of WRIGs<B><BR></B>Summary<B><BR></B>References</P><B><P>Self-Excited Induction Generators<BR></B>Introduction<B><BR></B>Principle of Cage-Rotor Induction Machine<B><BR></B>Self-Excitation: A Qualitative View<B><BR></B>Steady-State Performance of Three-Phase SEIGs<B><BR></B>Performance Sensitivity Analysis<B><BR></B>Pole Changing SEIGs for Variable Speed Operation<B><BR></B>Unbalanced Operation of Three-Phase SEIGs<B><BR></B>One Phase Open at Power Grid<B><BR></B>Three-Phase SEIG with Single-Phase Output<B><BR></B>Two-Phase SEIGs with Single-Phase Output<B><BR></B>Three-Phase SEIG Transients<B><BR></B>Parallel Connection of SEIGs<B><BR></B>Direct Connection to Grid Transients in Cage-Rotor Induction Generators<B><BR></B>More on Power Grid Disturbance Transients in Cage-Rotor Induction Generators <B><BR></B>Summary<B><BR></B>References</P><B><P>Stator-Converter-Controlled Induction Generators<BR></B>Introduction<B><BR></B>Grid-Connected SCIGs: The Control System<B><BR></B>Grid Connection and Four-Quadrant Operation of SCIGs<B><BR></B>Stand-Alone Operation of SCIG<B><BR></B>Parallel Operation of SCIGs<B><BR></B>Static Capacitor Exciter Stand-Alone IG for Pumping Systems<B><BR></B>Operation of SCIGs with DC Voltage-Controlled Output<B><BR></B>Stand-Alone SCIG with AC Output and Low Rating PWM Converter<B><BR></B>Dual Stator Winding for Grid Applications<B><BR></B>Twin Stator Winding SCIG with 50% Rating Inverter and Diode Rectifier<B><BR></B>Dual Stator Winding IG with Nested Cage Rotor<B><BR></B>Summary<B><BR></B>References</P><B><P>Automotive Claw-Pole-Rotor Generator Systems</B><BR>Introduction<BR>Construction and Principle<BR>Magnetic Equivalent Circuit Modeling<BR>Three-Dimensional Finite Element Method Modeling<BR>Losses, Efficiency, and Power Factor<BR>Design Improvement Steps<BR>Lundell Starter/Generator for Hybrid Vehicles<BR>IPM Claw-Pole Alternator System for More Vehicle Braking Energy Recuperation: A Case Study <BR>Summary<BR>References </P><B><P>Induction Starter/Alternators for Electric Hybrid Vehicles<BR></B>Electric Hybrid Vehicle Configuration<B><BR></B>Essential Specifications<B><BR></B>Topology Aspects of Induction Starter/Alternator<B><BR></B>ISA Space-Phasor Model and Characteristics<B><BR></B>Vector Control of ISA<B><BR></B>DTFC of ISA<B><BR></B>ISA Design Issues for Variable Speed<B><BR></B>Summary<B><BR></B>References </P><B><P>Permanent-Magnet-Assisted Reluctance Synchronous Starter/Alternators for Electric Hybrid Vehicles<BR></B>Introduction<BR>Topologies of PM-RSM<BR>Finite Element Analysis<BR><I>dq</I> Model of PM-RSM<BR>Steady-State Operation at No Load and Symmetric Short Circuit<BR>Design Aspects for Wide Speed Range Constant Power Operation<BR>Power Electronics for PM-RSM for Automotive Applications<BR>Control of PM-RSM for EHV<BR>State Observers without Signal Injection for Motion Sensorless Control<BR>Signal Injection Rotor Position Observers<BR>Initial and Low-Speed Rotor Position Tracking<BR>50/100 kW, 1350-7000 rpm (600 Nm Peak Torque, 40 kg) PM-Assisted Reluctance Synchronous Motor/Generator for HEV: A Case Study<BR>Summary<BR>References</P><B><P>Switched Reluctance Generators and Their Control<BR></B>Introduction<B><BR></B>Practical Topologies and Principles of Operation<B><BR></B>SRG(M) Modeling<B><BR></B>Flux/Current/Position Curves<B><BR></B>Design Issues<B><BR></B>PWM Converters for SRGs<B><BR></B>