"(Monograph 3)"--T.p. verso. - "ASTM Stock Number: MONO3. - Includes bibliographical references and indexes. - Electronic reproduction; W. Conshohocken, Pa; ASTM International; 2011; Mode of access: World Wide Web; System requirements: Web browser; Access may be restricted to us…
Ferritic/martensitic steels are considered for use in fast fission and fusion reactors. The viability of the steels for applications in the fast fission or fusion neutron environment depends mainly on its irradiation resistance. In the preceding chapters, the effect of irradiati…
Since the subject of this book concerns the use of the high-chromium ferritic/martensitic steels in radiation environments, this chapter will provide a brief introduction to irradiation damage of metals and alloys, along with a discussion of irradiation facilities and testing of…
Charpy impact tests discussed in the preceding chapter are most useful as a screening test to evaluate the relative effect of irradiation on producing embrittlement in different steels. However, Charpy data cannot be used directly for design. Design will probably be based on a d…
Creep is defined as the time-dependent plastic deformation that occurs under the influence of a constant applied stress (although most tests are conducted with a constant load). At elevated temperatures, it is referred to as thermal creep. Deformation processes that operate duri…
The high (9-12%) chromium steels are either fully austenitic or have a duplex (austenite plus?-ferrite) structure at austenitizing temperatures in the range 850 to 1200C. The austenite phase transforms to martensite during air cooling or rapid quenching to ambient temperature, a…
At irradiation temperatures Ti>= 0.5Tm, where Tm is the absolute melting temperature, irradiation-induced atom displacement damage in steels is unstable, and the flow properties are generally unaffected by irradiation [1,2]. However, austenitic steels and other face-centered-cub…
Hardening of the ferritic/martensitic steels by irradiation damage processes (Chapter 12) occurs below 400 to 450C (the temperature depends on the steel); it is caused by the irradiation-produced vacancies and interstitials and from irradiation-enhanced precipitation of new phas…
