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"During the eleventh and twelfth centuries, the Abbasids were just one of a number of regional powers vying for supremacy and influencing the actions of others. By analyzing the roles played by these caliphs in terms of the institution they represented, the households that they …
This study examines how religious authority was distributed in early Islam. It argues the case that, as in Shi'ism, it was concentrated in the head of state, rather than dispersed among learned laymen as in Sunnism. Originally the caliph was both head of state and ultimate sourc…
