Reactive extrusion: principles and applications

This first comprehensive overview of reactive extrusion technology for over a decade combines the views of contributors from both academia and industry who share their experiences and highlight possible applications and markets. They also provide updated information on the underlying chemical and physical concepts, summarizing recent developments in terms of the material and machinery used. As a result, readers will find here a compilation of potential applications for reactive extrusion to access new and cost-effective polymeric materials, while using existing compounding machines.

Véronique Bounor-Legaré, Françoise Fenouillot, and Philippe Cassagnau 7.1 Introduction 179 7.2 Nanocomposites 179 7.2.1 Synthesis of in situ Nanocomposites 181 7.2.2 Some Specific Applications 183 7.2.2.1 Antibacterial Properties of PP/TiO2 Nanocomposites 183 7.2.2.2 Flame-Retardant Properties 184 7.2.2.3 Protonic Conductivity 186 7.3 Polymerization of a Thermoplastic Minor Phase: Toward Blend 7.4 Polymerization of a Thermoset Minor Phase Under Shear 196 7.4.1 Thermoplastic Polymer/Epoxy-Amine Miscible Blends 197 7.4.2 Examples of Stabilization of Thermoplastic Polymer/Epoxy-Amine Blends 202 7.4.3 Blends ofThermoplastic Polymer with Monomers Crosslinking via Radical Polymerization 202 7.5 Conclusion 203 References 204 8 Concept of (Reactive) Compatibilizer-Tracer for Emulsification Curve Build-up, Compatibilizer Selection,

And Guo-Hua Hu 8.1 Introduction 209 8.2 Emulsification Curves of Immiscible Polymer Blends in a Batch Mixer 210 8.3 Emulsification Curves of Immiscible Polymer Blends in a Twin-Screw Extruder Using the Concept (Reactive) Compatibilizer 213 8.3.1 Synthesis of (Reactive) Compatibilizer-Tracers 213 8.3.2 Development of an In-line Fluorescence Measuring Device 214 8.3.3 Experimental Procedure for Emulsification Curve Build-up 216 8.3.4 Compatibilizer Selection Using the Concept of Compatibilizer-Tracer 219 8.3.5 Process Optimization Using the Concept of Compatibilizer-Tracer 220 8.3.5.1 Effect of Screw Speed 220 8.3.5.2 Effects of the Type of Mixer 221 8.3.6 Section Summary 221 8.4 Emulsification Curves of Reactive Immiscible Polymer Blends in a Twin-Screw Exturder 222 8.4.1 Reaction Kinetics between Reactive Functional Groups 222 8.4.2 (Non-reactive) Compatibilizers Versus Reactive.

Preface xiii List of Contributors xv Part I Introduction 1 1 Introduction to Reactive Extrusion 3; Christian Hopmann, Maximilian Adamy,

Glycolysis of PET 32 2.10 Peroxide Break-Down of Polypropylene 33 2.11 Summary 35 References 35 Part III Simulation and Modeling 37 3 Modeling of Twin Screw Reactive Extrusion: Challenges and Applications 39; Françoise Berzin and Bruno Vergnes 3.1 Introduction 39 3.1.1 Presentation of the Reactive Extrusion Process 39 3.1.2 Examples of Industrial Applications 40 3.1.3 Interest of Reactive Extrusion Process Modeling 41 3.2 Principles and Challenges of the Modeling 41 3.2.1 Twin Screw Flow Module 42 3.2.2 Kinetic Equations 44 3.2.3 Rheokinetic Model 44 3.2.4 Coupling 45 3.2.5 Open Problems and Remaining Challenges 45 3.3 Examples of Modeling 46 3.3.1 Esterification of EVA Copolymer 46 3.3.2 Controlled Degradation of Polypropylene 50 3.3.3 Polymerization of -Caprolactone 55 3.3.4 Starch Cationization 59 3.3.5.

Optimization and Scale-up 61 3.4 Conclusion 65 References 66 4 Measurement andModeling of Local Residence Time Distributions in a Twin-Screw Extruder 71; Xian-Ming Zhang, Lian-Fang Feng, and Guo-Hua Hu 4.1 Introduction 71 4.2 Measurement of t…