Adanir, Fikret

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Berlin, Congress of

by Adanir, Fikret

fromEncyclopaedia of Islam, THREE

0 Type: Article

The Congress of Berlin (12 Cemaziülahır (Jumāda II)-13 Receb (Rajab) 1295/13 June–13 July 1878) was summoned to restore the balance of power in Europe, apparently disturbed in Russia’s favour by the Treaty of Aya Stefanos (San Stefano, 29 Sefer (Ṣafar) 1295/3 March 1878, which e…

Aya Stefanos, Treaty of

by Adanir, Fikret

fromEncyclopaedia of Islam, THREE

0 Type: Article

The Treaty of Aya Stefanos (San Stefano, a suburb of Istanbul; today’s district of Yeşilköy) of 29 Sefer (Ṣafar) 1295/3 March 1878 ended the Russo-Ottoman War of 1294–5/1877–8. The conflict should be viewed in the context of the Eastern Crisis of 1875–8, which began with an insu…