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Diese Einführung bietet wissenschaftlich fundiert einen gut lesbaren Überblick über die verschiedenen Schulen des theologischen Denkens im Islam in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart. Ohne ihre historischen Wurzeln zu vernachlässigen, wird dabei den modernen und zeitgenössischen Ausprä…
Diese Einführung bietet wissenschaftlich fundiert einen gut lesbaren Überblick über die verschiedenen Schulen des theologischen Denkens im Islam in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart. Ohne ihre historischen Wurzeln zu vernachlässigen, wird dabei den modernen und zeitgenössischen Ausprä…
Absence and presence are Ṣūfī concepts for which the Arabic terms are, respectively, ghayba and ḥuḍūr (with some authors, ḥaḍra or shuhūd ). The duality of ghayba and ḥuḍūr is formulated as a pair of words of opposite or complementary meaning, as is often the case in Ṣūfism, for…
Al-Karrāmiyya were an ascetic missionary movement centred on north-eastern Iran and neighbouring regions from the third/ninth to the sixth/twelfth centuries. 1. The founder Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad b. Karrām (d. 20 Ṣafar 255/7 February 869) was born to a family from Sijistān (Sīst…
Fear of God (khawf) and hope (for God’s mercy) (rajāʾ) are two stations (maqāmāt , Ar. sing. maqām) on the Ṣūfī path. In Ṣūfī handbooks, both stations lie somewhere in the middle of the Ṣūfī traveller’s spiritual journey. In the Qūt al-qulūb (“The nourishment of the hearts”) by …
Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī (d. c.165/781–2) was an ascetic from Kufa, in southern Iraq. As with many early Islamic religious figures, sources on his life and thought are late and contradictory in detail but nonetheless allow a general appraisal of his personality. Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī was part of t…
An aphorism is “a concise statement of a principle, a terse formulation of a truth,” generally in prose. There is no exact Arabic equivalent for the term. The most common approximations are ḥikma (“[piece of] wisdom,” “maxim”), faṣl (“sentence”), or nukta (“witticism”). Accordin…