Blum, Stephen

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ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Marāghī b. Ghaybī (d. 838/1435) was the most important Persian writer on music, also a composer, lutenist, poet, painter, and calligrapher. A boon companion of the Jalāʾirid Sulṭān Ḥusayn, in 781/1379 he composed for him a new nawbah , or suite, for each ni…

Āvāz is a Persian term (also āvā and āvāza in Persian, āwāz in Arabic) for the voice of a person, bird, or animal, or a sound from another source. It has three important meanings in music: singing in general; the most prestigious form of singing in Persian traditional (sunnatī) …

Mīrzā ʿAbdallāh (d. 1918) was the most influential Persian musician of his era and a master performer on the tār and sitār . He is credited with having codified the essential melodic resources of Persian traditional (sunnatī) music in a sequence (radīf) that he taught to many st…