Burns, Ross

Homs has little to show for its eventful ancient and Islamic past. Its two key remains are the citadel hill on the southwest corner of the old walled city and the Great Mosque of Nūr al-Dīn. Excavations in the 1990s on the 30-metre high citadel hill confirmed earlier assumptions…

The Danish excavations on Ḥamā ’s citadel hill in the 1930s yielded clear evidence that the site has been occupied since the Bronze Age. Structural remains were scarce, however, and we know only enough to be confident that the hill has been used in all major periods, including s…