At the end of World War I, an eclectic group of Polish 'civilizers' - from border guards and urban planners to teachers and military settlers - descended upon a poor, war-torn, and multi-ethnic borderland that had previously been part of the Russian empire. 'On Civilization's Ed…
At the end of World War I, an eclectic group of Polish ""civilizers"" from border guards and urban planners to teachers and military settlers-descended upon a poor, war-torn, and multi-ethnic borderland that had previously been part of the Russian empire. On Civilization's Edge …
"In 1918, as Europe's continental empires were violently replaced with a patchwork of nominally post-imperial nation-states, elites in Poland drew on the global language of civilization to launch a state-building mission in the non-ethnically Polish, nationally contested, and wa…
"In 1918, as Europe's continental empires were violently replaced with a patchwork of nominally post-imperial nation-states, elites in Poland drew on the global language of civilization to launch a state-building mission in the non-ethnically Polish, nationally contested, and wa…