Forster, Regula

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Khālid b. Yazīd (d. 85/704 or 90/708–9) was allegedly the first Arab alchemist. He was the second son of the Umayyad caliph Yazīd b. Muʿāwiya (r. 60–4/680–3) by his wife Fākhita. His date of birth is not usually given in the sources, but it is likely that he was still a teenager…

Jābir b. Ḥayyān (b. first half of the second/eighth century, d. c.200/815?) is the alleged author of a vast corpus of mainly alchemical writings. Scholars, however, dispute his very existence and his authorship of that corpus. 1. Biography The earliest biography (with extensive …

Barlaam and Josaphat (Bilawhar wa-Būdhāsaf) is a legend based on Indian biographies of Buddha. Its Arabic version, Bilawhar wa-Būdhāsaf , was the direct source of various Christian adaptations of the story known as Barlaam and Josaphat in the West. 1. Content (based on the longe…

Alchemy is the art of transforming base metals into precious metals, usually silver and/or gold (Ibn al-Nadīm, Kitāb al-fihrist , ed. Tajaddud, 417). Although alchemy can be considered one of the ancestors of modern chemistry, perhaps more importantly it can also be viewed as a …