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The Ottoman empire ruled the near East, dominated the Mediterranean, and terrorized Europe for centuries. However, its origins are obscure. "The beginnings of the Ottoman empire" illuminates the founding of the Empire, drawing on Turkish, Greek, Arabic, and Latin sources as well…
"The Ottoman Empire ruled the near East, dominated the Mediterranean, and terrorized Europe for centuries. However, its origins are obscure. The Beginnings of the Ottoman Empire illuminates the founding of the Empire, drawing on Turkish, Greek, Arabic, and Latin sources as well …
Providing a detailed history of the establishment and early growth of the Ottoman Empire, Foss relates the military, economic, and cultural developments of the time to the political and physical geography of the Ottoman homeland, and especially its relations to the declining Byz…
In the Byzantine period, urban life in Anatolia underwent a decay in which ancient cities shrank behind reduced circuits of walls or withdrew to the fortified hilltops whence they had descended in the Hellenistic age. Even the greatest city of the empire, Constantinople, saw a d…
Malagina was a place of considerable strategic importance in the Byzantine period, from the Dark Ages until the final collapse of imperial rule in Asia Minor. Frequent mentions in the sources indicate that it was a major base, a station on the route of imperial armies to the Eas…
A remote mountainous region of Lydia, rarely visited and hardly known to history, contains antiquities which form the subject of the present study. This was an area where classical culture was slow to penetrate, but when it did take root, it produced a remarkable number of inscr…