Mehmed Emin Ali Paşa (Meḥmed Emīn ʿAlī Pasha, 1815–71) was an important Ottoman official and one of the architects of the Tanzimat (Tanẓīmāt). Mehmed Emin was born in Istanbul in February 1815. His father, Ali Rıza Efendi (ʿAlī Riḍā Efendi), was a shopkeeper in the Egyptian mark…
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Okday Ahmed Tevfik Paşa (Okday Aḥmed Tevfīq Pasha, 1845–1936) was the last grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire. He came from a family with Crimean origins and relations to the ruling family of the Tatars of the Crimea. His parents were the Ottoman general İsmail Hakkı Paşa (İsmāʿ…
The son of Hacı Halil Efendi (Ḥājjī Khalīl Efendi), a descendant of the Katırcıoğlu (Qaṭırcıoğlu) family, Katırcıoğlu Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Paşa (Qaṭırcıoğlu Ghāzī Aḥmed Mukhtār Pasha, 1839–1919) was born in Bursa on 1 November 1839. He graduated from the Military Academy ( Mekteb-i…
Ahmed Midhat Şefik Paşa (Aḥmed Midḥat Şefīq Pasha, 1822–84) was an Ottoman provincial governor, twice grand vizier, and father of the 1876 constitution. He was born in 1822, in Istanbul, the son of Rusçuklu Hacı Hafız Mehmed Eşref Efendi (Ḥāccī Ḥāfıẓ Meḥmed Eşref Efendi). Having…
Born in Istanbul, Ahmed Hamdi Paşa (Aḥmed Ḥamdī Pasha, 1826–85) was a son of Yahya Bey (Yaḥyā Bey), kethüda ( kethüdā) of the famous Hüsrev Paşa (Khüsrev Pasha). He married the daughter of Meşrepzade Arif Efendi (Meşrebzāde ʿĀrif Efendi). Among other posts Ahmed Hamdi served as …
Ahmed Esad Paşa (Aḥmed Esʿad Pasha (1828–75 ) , son of Kolağası Mehmed Bey, and father of Celal Esat Arseven, was an Ottoman bureaucrat, whose career included several important positions within the empire and abroad in Europe. Born in Sakız (Chios), he graduated from the Militar…
Kabaağaçzade Ahmed Cevad Paşa (Qabaağaçzāde Aḥmed Cevād Pasha, 1851–1900) was an Ottoman statesman and official under Sultan Abdülhamıd II (Sulṭān ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd II) as well as the author of a number of works on Ottoman military history and training. Born in Damascus, Ahmed Cevad…
Ahmed Arifi Paşa (Aḥmed ʿĀrifī Pasha, 1830–95), an Ottoman diplomat and bureaucrat, was born in 1846, the son of the former Ottoman foreign minister, Mehmed Şekib Paşa (Meḥmed Şekīb Pasha, d. 1854). His early education was mainly by private teachers and included instruction in F…