Progress and the Enlightenment's two conflicting ways of improving the world -- Democracy or social hierarchy? : the political rift -- The problem of equality and inequality : the rise of economics -- The Enlightenment's critique of war and the quest for "perpetual peace"--Two k…
This volume about religious tolerance in early modern Brazil comprises two articles. Jonathan Israel, in his contribution, argues that Dutch tolerance in Brazil was unprecedented in the seventeenth century. Catholics and particularly Jews were given freedom of conscience and fre…
Jonathan I. Israel demonstrates that the Enlightenment was an essentially revolutionary process, driven by philosophical debate. From 1789, its impetus came from a small group of philosophe-revolutionnaires, men such as Mirabeau, Sieyes, Condorcet, Volney, Roederer, and Brissot.…
FIRST & SECOND EDITIONS'An important book ... which will be of extreme value to all students of early modern Europe ... Professor Israel has shed new and powerful light on a neglected period.'Lionel Kochan, British Book News'Remarkable and very readable ... a consistent narrativ…