Religious Scholars and the Umayyads analyzes legal and theological developments during the Marwanid period (64/684--132/750), focusing on religious scholars who supported the Umayyads. Their scholarly network extended across several generations and significantly influenced the d…
Religious Scholars and the Umayyads analyzes legal and theological developments during the Marwanid period (64/684--132/750), focusing on religious scholars who supported the Umayyads. Their scholarly network extended across several generations and significantly influenced the d…
Abū ʿAmr ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAmr al-Awzāʿī (88–157/707–74), an influential Syrian legal scholar and theologian, was born in or near Baalbek, in present-day eastern Lebanon. His nisba is derived either from the name of the Damascus suburb of al-Awzāʿ where he lived much of his lif…
Abū Zurʿa ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAmr al-Dimashqī (d. 282/895) was born into a family of Damascene muḥaddith s, sometime before 200/815. Few details of his life are preserved. He apparently travelled with his father to Ḥimṣ and Rāmallāh in 211/826 and later travelled to other Syrian …
Abū Thawr Ibrāhīm b. Khālid b. Abī l-Yamān al-Kalbī (d. 240/854) was a Baghdadi legal scholar (faqīh) and traditionist (muḥaddith) who may have founded his own school of law (madhhab) and was later associated with the spread of the Shāfiʿī madhhab . He died in 2…
Yazīd b. ʿUmar b. Hubayra (d. 132/750) was an Umayyad general often associated with the Qays tribal bloc. Like his father, ʿUmar b. Hubayra (d. between 105/724 and 107/726), he served as governor of Iraq. Both he and his father are often referred to as Ibn Hubayra in the sources…
ʿUmar b. Hubayra (d. between 105/724 and 107/726) was an Umayyad military leader who served as governor of Iraq during the reign of the Umayyad caliph Yazīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik (r. 101–5/720–24). He is generally described as a fierce partisan of the Qays tribal bloc, though his ini…
Jaʿd b. Dirham was an Umayyad-era heretic who was executed by Khālid al-Qasrī sometime during the latter’s reign as governor of Iraq (105–120/724–738), either in Kufa or in the provincial capital Wāsiṭ. Details about his activities, origins, and beliefs are both limited and tain…
Ibrāhīm b. al-Walīd was one of nineteen sons of the Umayyad caliph al-Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik (al-Walīd I, r. 86–96/705–15). Neither his birth year nor the identity of his mother, an umm walad (slave who gave birth to her master’s child) who may have been a Berber, is known. The …
Maʿbad b. ʿAbdallāh b. ʿUkaym al-Juhanī (executed c.80/699) was a Basran religious thinker who was associated with the Qadarī doctrine of human free will (qadar) . While he was ultimately condemned as a heretic, for a time he enjoyed a good reputation in Basra and was trusted by…
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. al-Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik (d. 110/728–9) served his father caliph al-Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān (al-Walīd I, r. 86–96/705–15) in a variety of capacities. He campaigned against the Byzantines on at least two occasions, in 91/709 and 94/713. He led the pilgr…
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. al-Ḥajjāj b. ʿAbd al-Malik (d. 126/744) was an Umayyad prince who was married to a daughter of the caliph Hishām b. ʿAbd al-Malik (d. 125/743). Al-Ṣafadī and Ibn ʿAsākir report that his mother was Rayṭa bt. ʿUbaydallāh b. ʿAbdallāh, making him a half-brother to …