The Iranian languages are one of the world's major language families. With an estimated 150 to 200 million native speakers, these languages constitute the western group of the larger Indo-Iranian family, which represents a major eastern branch of the Indo-European languages. Geo…
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ʿAbd al-Rashīd b. ʿAbd al-Ghafūr
by Mahmoodi-Bakhtiari, Behrooz
fromEncyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
0
Type: Article
ʿAbd al-Rashīd b. ʿAbd al-Ghafūr (d. c. 1077/1666) was a noted Indian lexicographer whose contribution to the knowledge of the Persian and Arabic languages is worthy of note. Little is known about Abd al-Rashīd's life. His date of birth is not certain, but it is known that he wa…
Burhān-i qāṭiʿ (“Conclusive proof”) is the title of a famous Persian dictionary by Muḥammad Ḥusayn b. Khalaf Tabrīzī, who completed it in 1062/1652, under the pen name Burhān. Little is known about the compiler; the dates of his birth and death are unknown. We do know that he wa…
Āṣaf al-lughāt is the title of a Persian–Persian–Urdu dictionary compiled by the Indian scholar Shams al-ʿUlamāʾ Khān Bahādur Nawwāb Aḥmad al-ʿAzīz al-Nāʾeṭī (d. 1343/1924), also known as “ʿAzīz Jang,” or under the pen-name “Walā.” His dictionary takes its name from Niẓām al-Mul…
Adīb Naṭanzī , Abū ʿAbdallāh Ḥusayn b. Ibrāhīm b. Aḥmad ʿIrāqī (fl. fifth/eleventh century), was a poet and linguist from Naṭanz, near Isfahan, in central Iran. His sobriquets were “Dhū l-Lisānayn” (he who has two languages, or two tongues) and Dhū l-Bayānayn (bilingual), reflec…