Nadhīr Aḥmad (Dihlavī) (1831–1912), widely regarded as the first novelist of Urdu, was one of the most fascinating intellectuals of his period and one of the most famous graduates of Delhi College, an ardent supporter of the Aligarh movement, and probably the most successful ora…
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Khadīja Mastūr (Khadija Mastoor), a pre-eminent social-realist Urdu writer of the 1950s through the 1980s, was born on 11 December 1927 in Bareilly, India. Her father, Sayyid Ṭahūr Aḥmad Khān, died in 1937, followed a year later by her maternal uncle, leaving the family without …
The beginning of literary criticism (in the modern sense) in Urdu (tanqīd) is usually attributed to two authors of the late nineteenth century, Mawlānā Muḥammad Ḥusayn Āzād (d. 1910) and Alṭāf Ḥusayn Ḥālī (d. 1914). Literary criticism did, however, exist in Urdu before the colon…
Urdu fiction in the modern sense dates back only as far as the last decades of the nineteenth century, but storytelling has a long and rich tradition in South Asia, and Urdu, in particular, was historically rich in narrative forms drawing on Indic as well as Persian and Arabic s…
Aḥmad Farāz , one of the most popular Urdu poets of the twentieth century, was born Sayyid Aḥmad Shāh in Kohat (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan) on 14 January 1931. His mother tongue was Pashto, but in keeping with the family’s tradition he received a firm grounding in Persian. Fro…