Umm al-Kirām Karīma bt. Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Ḥātim al-Marwaziyya (d. 463/1070) was a ḥadīth collector and transmitter famous for her transmission of al-Bukhārī’s (d. 256/870) Ṣaḥīḥ . Born in the village of Kushmīhan, Marw, Karīma settled in Mecca, where she led a life of ascetic…
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Ibn Sayyid al-Nās (671–734/1273–1334)—whose full name was Fatḥ al-Dīn Abū l-Fatḥ Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Yaʿmurī—was a biographer of the Prophet, ḥadīth transmitter, Shāfiʿī jurisprudent, rijāl expert, composer and collector of panegyric poetry (madīḥ, madḥ)…
ʿAbd al-Bāqī Ibn Qāniʿ b. Marzūq b. Wāthiq Abū l-Ḥusayn al-Baghdādī (265–351/879–962) was a traditionist, evaluator of ḥadīth transmitters, and compiler of one of the earliest biographical dictionaries devoted to the Companions (ṣaḥāba) of the Prophet (al-Khaṭīb, 11:89–90; GAS )…
Abū Ḥātim Muḥammad Ibn Ḥibbān b. Aḥmad al-Bustī (c. 270–354/884–965), known as Ibn Ḥibbān, was a prominent Shāfiʿī traditionist, ḥadīth critic, and evaluator of rijāl (transmitters). He was from the city of Bust, in present-day southern Afghanistan. His oldest teacher was the Ba…
Ibn Manda is the patronymic of a dynasty of more than thirty Iṣfahānī scholars, both men and women, who attained various degrees of prominence in the fields of Ḥanbalī theology, transmission and criticism of ḥadīth s (traditions), the literature of rijāl ( ḥadīth transmitters), …
Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. Idrīs b. al-Mundhir al-Ḥanẓalī al-Rāzī (240–327/854–5–938), known as Ibn Abī Ḥātim al-Rāzī , was a transmitter (rijāl) critic, traditionist, and exegete, who was born in Rayy (north-eastern Iran) to a family originating from the village…
Ḥadīth forgery (waḍʿ al-ḥadīth) is the accidental or deliberate circulation of traditions with altered or invented contents ( matn s) and/or lines of transmission ( isnād s). Enlisting past authorities in defence of orthodoxy became a scholarly requirement during the second civi…
Ḥadīth (Ar. lit., speech, narrative, pl. aḥādīth ) is the technical term for Muslim Tradition about the exemplary practice of the prophet Muḥammad, enshrined in his words (aqwāl , sing. qawl) and deeds (afʿāl , sing. fiʿl) and his tacit approval (taqrīr) of his Companions’ words…
In ḥadīth criticism the discipline of al-jarḥ wa-l-taʿdīl (impugning and accrediting) is aimed at evaluating the uprightness ( ʿadāla ) of transmitters ( rijāl , lit. “men”) populating the chains of transmission ( isnād , pl. asānīd ) of Muslim traditions ( ḥadīth , pl. aḥādīth …
In 'The formation of the Islamic understanding of kalala in the second century AH (718-816 CE)', Pavel Pavlovitch studies traditions (hadith) about the lexical and terminological meaning of the Quranic vocable kalala. Attempts to understand kalala began with acknowledging its un…