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This book provides an overview of the range of seminarian thinking in Iran on the controversial topic of the hijab. During the modern period, Iran has suffered a great deal of conflict and confusion caused by the impact of Western views on the hijab in the 19th century, Riza Sha…
`Aziz Nasafi is among the most important Islamic mystics of the medieval period. His achievement was to integrate various ideas, including those of Ibn `Arabi and Najm al-Din Kubrä into a coherent whole, providing Persian speaking Sufis with an introduction to the speculative an…
ʿAzīz al-Dīn al-Nasafī (ʿAzīz Nasafī, in Persian) was the author of at least eight works in Persian, Ṣūfī and mystical in content, that were written in the second half of the seventh/thirteenth century. Little is known of ʿAzīz Nasafī’s own life, and the scant information at han…
Awḥād al-Dīn Kirmānī (d. 635/1238) was one of the most controversial Persian Ṣūfīs of the sixth/twelfth and seventh/thirteenth centuries. The controversy centred on the practice of samāʿ and his penchant for gazing at beautiful young boys (shāhid bāzī) , which, sympathisers argu…
Sayyid Aḥmad Kasravī Tabrīzī was a towering Iranian nationalist, historian, and intellectual-reformer who was active in the first half of the twentieth century. He was primarily concerned with educating Iranians and thus he was not so involved in the political process during the…
Futuwwa is the ethics followed by Ṣūfīs in order to attain spiritual perfection. These ethics and associated character traits include generosity, humility, loyalty, courage, and turning a blind eye to others’ sins. The term futuwwa embraces, in effect, all the Ṣūfī good manners …