S. Hakim

Over some twenty centuries many languages have been spoken and written in the land of the two rivers, Tigris and Euphrates, then have died out. Bi-lingual "dictionaries" on clay tablets were used as early as 2,000 B.C. Great empires flourished in succession, then perished. Greek…

Soon after World War I the British authorities opened primary and other schools in Iraq. Arabic replaced Turkish as the medium of instruction, and English was introduced as the only foreign language. English textbooks were imported from Egypt, India and Syria. Later, books for E…