While Muslims in Indonesia have begun to turn towards a strict adherence to Islam, the reality of the socio-religious environment is much more complicated than a simple shift towards fundamentalism. In this volume, contributors explore the multifaceted role of Islam in Indonesia…
Recent years have shown an increase in interest in the study of cleanliness from a historical and sociological perspective. Many of such studies on bathing and washing, on keeping the body and the streets clean, and on filth and the combat of dirt, focus on Europe. In Cleanlines…
Recent years have shown an increase in interest in the study of cleanliness from a historical and sociological perspective. Many of such studies on bathing and washing, on keeping the body and the streets clean, and on filth and the combat of dirt, focus on Europe. In Cleanlines…
The Istiqlal (Independence, from Ar. istiqlāl ) Mosque , Indonesia’s huge national mosque in Jakarta, was designed by Friedrich Silaban (d. 1984), a Sumatran Christian [Illustration 1]. Built between 1961 and 1978, it has been used for communal prayers since 1967 and for nationa…