Nanofibres are defined as fibres with diameters on the order of 100 nanometres. They can be produced by interfacial polymerisation and electrospinning. Nanofibres are included in garments, insulation and in energy storage. They are also used in medical applications, which includ…
Nanomaterials are the study of how materials behave when their dimensions are reduced to the nanoscale. It can also refer to the materials themselves that are used in nanotechnology. Materials reduced to the nanoscale can suddenly show very different properties compared to what …
"Rosin is an abundantly available natural product composed of around 90% acidic and 10% neutral compounds. Rosin and its derivatives have long been used as tackifiers in adhesives. They have also found other niche applications in inks, varnishes, paints, sealing wax, some soaps,…
"Rosin is an abundantly available natural product composed of around 90% acidic and 10% neutral compounds. Rosin and its derivatives have long been used as tackifiers in adhesives. They have also found other niche applications in inks, varnishes, paints, sealing wax, some soaps,…
"Rosin is an abundantly available natural product composed of around 90% acidic and 10% neutral compounds. Rosin and its derivatives have long been used as tackifiers in adhesives. They have also found other niche applications in inks, varnishes, paints, sealing wax, some soaps,…
Annotation
Consumers are demanding that laundry cleaning chemicals are non-toxic and degrade rapidly without affecting the ecosystem. Many now prefer to use cleaning ingredients that are derived from renewable resources and they are conscious of the need to reduce energy consumption and CO…
This e-book covers an emerging segment of the display industry - those technologies that interact with the user through touch, sensing and gesture. It addresses 2-D and 3-D gesture recognition as well as immersive and large-format touch screen displays. Future Markets for Intera…
Odors play an important role in our everyday emotional states. The signals from our noses are processed in a section of the brain that controls memory and emotion, and so a simple aroma can induce feelings of comfort or warn of danger. This eBook investigates the complexity of s…
Laws and regulations on the composition, use and disposal of Food Contact Materials (FCM) are of growing importance as global trade continues to develop and emerging markets are playing an increasingly important role here, from the production, through to the use and regulation o…
Pira is renowned for its international food contact legislation events - each year bringing together an unrivalled line-up of expert legislators, enforcers and scientists from Europe and the US. Now you can tap in to this expertise through this series of studies. Food contact le…
Extending shelf-life is a key function of packaging, and there are a range of technologies to help achieve this including barrier films, modified atmosphere packaging and active packaging. This e-book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest technology innovations in this…
EPR (also called Product Stewardship) places responsibility for end-of-life management of products and related packaging on producers, and to some extent consumers. While regulation and standardisation from governments and other authorities affects EPR, management emphasis is on…
Energy-efficient lighting, defined as electric lighting systems that deliver the highest ratio of luminous energy output, in lumen-hours, per watt of electrical input, has excellent prospects within the global lighting industry. It can offer a high value to businesses, individua…
This study forms part of a suite of three new technology studies from Pira focusing on chemical, water and energy recovery in pulp and paper making At a time when energy costs the world over continue to skyrocket, energy conservation techniques come as a welcome relief. This bra…
As plastics are predominantly made from crude oil, the use of bioplastics offers significant advantages in an ecological and economic sense. There are two basic processes for the manufacture of bioplastics: Direct extraction from biomass, which yields a series of natural polymer…
The package printing industry, which comprises about a third of the global printing market, serves an important role in the supply chain of various industries. Conventional printing methods are no longer the only option, with Digital printing as the newer, sometimes cheaper meth…
Original watermarking techniques were developed to provide graphic designers with proof of design ownership. The techniques for embedding information in a document or digital file have become increasingly advanced in recent years and future launches promise higher levels of soph…
The advantages of tree cloning are clear; uniform tree growth enabling guaranteed yield, high density wood with no imperfections and potentially quicker growth rates to improve turnaround. These all equal massive efficiency gains at the paper mill. But how is this technology dev…
