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The systematic study of written texts began, not in Biblical Israel or the classical world, but in ancient Mesopotamia. Nearly one thousand clay tablets from Babylonia and Assyria, dating from the eighth to the second century BCE, comprise the earliest substantial corpus of text…
The Babylonian Epic of Creation, Enuma elish, tells the story of primordial divine struggles among the gods and the successive creation of the world composed of the subterranean ocean, the earth and the sky, culminating in the rise of the god Marduk to supreme kingship over the …
