This thesis has two themes. Firstly, it concerns the original application of holographic beam shaping, employed through the methods associated with optical manipulation, to three microscopic fields of research. Secondly, it studies the optical trapping of aerosol droplets throug…
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This thesis details the ACTIVE campaign in the tropics of northern Australia during 2005-2006 (based in Darwin). The focus of the campaign was to find the influence of tropical convection on the aerosol and chemical content of the Tropical Tropopause Layer [TTL] and the cirrus c…
The complexity of the processes whereby organic species are degraded in the atmosphere prevents many of the individual species (intermediates or products) from being unambiguously identified. Laboratory work necessarily focuses therefore on studies of idealised proxies with the …
The electrostatic charge and size distribution of aerosol particles play a very important role in many industrial applications. Due to the complexity and the probabilistic nature of the different charging mechanisms often acting simultaneously, it is difficult to theoretically p…
The spatiotemporal variability of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentration is investigated over the extended domain of the North African continent and Mediterranean which is an essential step for better understanding of aerosol-cloud interactions and associated clima…
This dissertation applies a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) together with ground-based, aircraft, and satellite observations to quantify the sources, transport pathways, and chemical processing of tropospheric pollution in the Arctic. Asian anthropogenic emissions ar…
Atmospheric dust, water vapor and ice, and minor gas species (argon, nitrogen) are known as tracers of the martian atmosphere because of their ability to track atmospheric circulation. Their abundance by mass in the martian atmosphere is negligible, with nitrogen being the large…
Earth's radiation budget is directly influenced by aerosols through the absorption of solar radiation and subsequent heating of the atmosphere. Aerosols modulate the hydrological cycle indirectly by modifying cloud properties, precipitation and ocean heat storage. In addition, p…
Chapter 2: Swine Influenza Active Surveillance in the United States. Influenza A virus (IAV) in swine continues to be an important swine respiratory agent along with being a source of concern to public health authorities. While veterinary diagnostic laboratories are a valuable s…
Soldiers that are deployed overseas are breathing ambient air containing concentrations of fine particulate matter known to cause adverse effects to human health. A study initiated in 2008 was designed to determine the concentrations and compositions of fine particulate matter i…
Mineral dust aerosols can impact air quality, climate change, biological cycles, tropical cyclone development and flight operations due to reduced visibility. Dust emissions are primarily limited to the extensive arid regions of the world, yet can negatively impact local to glob…
This thesis consists of three studies of surface processes on Earth: 1. Age and isotopic constraints of pluvial episodes in the Western Desert of Egypt. North Africa has undergone drastic climatic change over the past several hundred thousand years. Timing of humid intervals cal…
This thesis characterizes the mass and chemical composition of the fine particle air pollution over several cities in South Asia and quantifies how major sources impact the observed levels by using Chemical Mass Balance modeling with organic compounds as tracers. During February…
This thesis describes methodologies to evaluate the performance and to assess the uncertainty of atmospheric dispersion models, tools that predict the fate of gases and aerosols upon their release into the atmosphere. Because of the large economic and public-health impacts often…
The Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) had as a primary objective determining the radiative forcing due to anthropogenic aerosols over climatologically significant space and time scales: the Indian Ocean during the winter monsoon, January–March. During the winter monsoon, polluted…
Atmospheric transport, in the troposphere, is responsible for large fluxes of mineral material from the continents to the ocean. The importance of aeolian dust transport from the continents to the oceans has been debated over recent years. Part of the debate concerns whether the…