The wealth of evidence for the study of the economy of Late Bronze Age Ugarit in Syria has long been recognized. Attempts to investigate the Ugaritic economy have been hampered, however, by the application of rigid models to incomplete datasets. It is argued that previous questi…
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Many of Egypt's monuments exhibit multiple stages of expansion, rebuilding, and redecoration extending over the centuries in which they remained in use. Often archaeologically traceable, these modifications were also frequently recorded in propagandistic dedicatory inscriptions.…
The Introduction of this work provided background, historical, and textual information about Leviticus 26 as well as a detailed outline of this text. This Bible chapter revealed the corporate human responsibility of the chosen nation to obey Yahweh's covenant and the plan of a S…
The ancient Egyptian fascination with the deities and events during the twelve hours of the night dwindled only with the demise of Egyptian religion itself. A corpus of large stone sarcophagi produced during the Thirtieth Dynasty, decorated with excerpts from the Underworld Book…
Biblical Hebrew ’[special characters omitted]îm, despite its frequent use as a common noun meaning “deity” and its prominence as a designation for Israel's god, has received surprisingly little direct treatment in modern biblical scholarship, resulting in a general vagueness in …
This dissertation presents an analysis of seal use in the Murasu Archive, excavated by the University of Pennsylvania at Nippur (Iraq) in 1893. The more than 800 tablets of the archive are all private, legal documents relating to the business dealings of the Murasu "firm" that d…
In this dissertation, I examine the differences between Sarah's portrayal in the Hebrew Bible and her representation in the Septuagint, the third century BCE Greek translation of the Hebrew scriptures. Produced by Alexandrian Jews, the Septuagint reflected the cultural values of…
Isaiah 40-55 presents a literary and theological paradox. The test goes to great lengths to declare God's incomparability and to deny the reality of other deities, yet it employs a rich inventory of metaphorical language in describing God, God's actions, and God's relationship w…
This dissertation analyzes how the book of Jonah utilizes biblical and extra-biblical traditions and motifs as a means of expressing its particular theological perspective. The first chapter surveys ancient and modern research of the book. It concludes that much of the present s…
The Catholic University of America's Institute of Christian Oriental Research (ICOR) owns a small Syriac manuscript which has not previously been studied. Incomplete at beginning and end, it contains six discourses (mêmrê) on the monastic way of life, part of a collection of “Ch…
The Psalms of Solomon are eighteen pseudepigraphical psalms from approximately 70 B.C.E. The text of the psalms is only preserved in a few Greek and Syriac manuscripts. Most scholars concede the probability of a Hebrew original to the Psalms of Solomon. These poems have been jud…
Since its discovery in 1888, the Instruction of Amenemope has become justly famous—not only for its intrinsic value as one of the great instructional texts of ancient Egypt, but also for its indisputable role in the formation of the biblical Book of Proverbs. Amenemope is now a …
This dissertation examines the translatable nature of energeia as a rhetorical feature in Psalm 22. Energeia was introduced into the discussion of rhetoric by Aristotle and defined by him as a strategy to ‘actualize’ or to ‘set before the eyes’ any given condition. Later, Sidney…
Ethiopic is an African Writing System designed as a meaningful and graphic representation of knowledge. It is a component of the African Knowledge Systems and one of the signal contributions made by Africans to world history and cultures. It is created to holistically symbolize …
This dissertation discusses the syllabic inscriptions of ancient Cyprus, the only area of the Greek speaking world which in antiquity did not practice writing using the Greek alphabet. Cyprus instead had its own rectilinear, syllabic script which remained in use until the early …
Problem. Middle Egyptian has played an increasingly important role in Biblical Archaeology and Old Testament studies. Much of biblical chronology is closely connected to Egyptian chronology; many biblical events record Egyptian involvement, and some of these are included on Egyp…
This study examines the funerary texts of the first Nubian God's Wife of Amun, Amenirdis I. The texts, which are inscribed on the walls of her funerary chapel at Medinet Habu, represent one of the most extensive selections of funerary texts belonging to a God's Wife of the Third…
In cooperation with the American Schools of Oriental Research and the Iraq Museum, Edward Chiera, then professor of Assyriology at the University of Pennsylvania, led an investigative archaeological excavation in 1925 to Yorgan Tepe, an ancient ruin near Kirkuk, Iraq. During suc…
This dissertation discusses the relationship between narrative theology and the prophetic literature and the role of memory and story in the theology of Israel. The writer first develops a theology of remembrance and memorials in the history of Israel. The four major memorials f…