"The defeat of the Spanish Armada is one of the turning points in English history, and it was perhaps the defining episode in the long reigns of Elizabeth I of England and Philip II of Spain. The running battle along the Channel between the nimble English ships and the lumbering…
Examines the intelligence war behind the sea battles of 1588 to reveal lesser-known factors that led to England's dramatic victory, challenging popular theories to argue that the Spanish Armada was defeated by inclement weather and bad luck.
Examines the intelligence war behind the sea battles of 1588 to reveal lesser-known factors that led to England's dramatic victory, challenging popular theories to argue that the Spanish Armada was defeated by inclement weather and bad luck.
During the year between July 1588, when the Spanish Armada set sail from Spain and July 1589, when the survivors of the English counterpart of this fleet, the little-known English Armada, reached port in England, two of history's worst naval catastrophes took place. A great deal…
During the year between July 1588, when the Spanish Armada set sail from Spain and July 1589, when the survivors of the English counterpart of this fleet, the little-known English Armada, reached port in England, two of history's worst naval catastrophes took place. A great deal…
Verslag in woord en beeld van de mislukte operatie tegen Engeland, die koning Filips II van Spanje in 1588 liet ondernemen door zijn "onoverwinnelijke" vloot.