Secondary organic aerosol (SOA), formed from in-air oxidation of volatile organic compounds, greatly affects human health and climate. Although substantial research has been devoted to SOA formation and evolution, the modeled and lab-generated SOA are still low in mass and degre…
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Statistically downscaled CMIP5 precipitation data are available at higher spatial resolution compared to global climate models. The downscaled climate models have been used in many hydrological applications. However, limited numbers of studies focused on downscaled CMIP5 precipi…
North African climate is analyzed between 1979 and 2010 with an emphasis on August using the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) global dataset to investigate the effects of the subtropical anticyclones over North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula on the Afr…
Among volcanic gases, sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) is by far the most commonly measured. More than a monitoring proxy for volcanic degassing, SO 2 has the potential to alter climate patterns. Persistently active explosive volcanoes are characterized by short explosive bursts, which oft…
Climatic trends in spatial and temporal variability of maximum temperature (Tmax ), minimum temperature (Tmin ), mean temperature (Tmean ) and precipitation were evaluated for 249 ground-based stations in North Carolina for 1950-2009. The Mann-Kendall (MK), the Theil-Sen Approac…
On 26 January 2011, a severe storm hit the city of Jeddah, the second largest city in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The storm resulted in heavy rainfall, which produced a flash flood in a short period of time. This event caused at least eleven fatalities and more than 114 injurie…
Studies on oceanic and atmospheric processes in the Indian Ocean are an active and important area of scientific research. Understanding how intraseasonal and interannual variations impact both the ocean and atmosphere will aid in delineating potential feedback mechanisms and glo…
Paleoclimate records suggest significant multi-centennial climate variability during the past two millennia, the Common Era (CE), despite the apparently small changes in external forcings. Proxy records suggest that the Northern hemisphere (NH) was about 0.8°C cooler during the …
This study examines whether and how land-atmosphere interactions can have an impact on the nocturnal convection over the Southern Great Plains (SGP) through numerical simulations of an intense nocturnal mesoscale convective system (MCS) on 19-20 June 2007 with the Weather Resear…
This work uses a gridded analysis of radiosonde measurements obtained during AMMA and places those observations in the context of African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) radar data and satellite rainfall estimates to examine the patterns of kinematic and diabatic quant…
As the transition region between the troposphere and stratosphere, the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) has importance as the gateway to the stratosphere for atmospheric tracers such as water vapor. This has implications for Earth's radiative budget and climate. Observations in t…
Atmospheric aerosols and trace gases are a highly relevant component of the climate system affecting atmospheric radiative transfer and the hydrologic cycle. In arid and semi-arid regions, where cloud cover is often low and precipitation is generally scarce and sporadic, the dri…
Atmospheric mineral aerosol (or dust) plays an important role in the Earth.s system. However, quantification of dust impacts has long been associated with large uncertainties because of the complex nature of mineral aerosol. A better understanding of the properties and spatiotem…
Thorough calibration of electro-optical sensors being designed for today's space-based applications is essential to utilize remotely sensed imagery products. A complete sensor calibration provides in-depth understanding of operation and performance, while verifying that the syst…
Retrievals from Earth observation satellites are widely used for many applications, including analyzing dynamic lands and measuring atmospheric components. This research aims to evaluate appropriateness of using satellite retrievals to facilitate understanding characteristics of…
Mineral dust aerosols can impact air quality, climate change, biological cycles, tropical cyclone development and flight operations due to reduced visibility. Dust emissions are primarily limited to the extensive arid regions of the world, yet can negatively impact local to glob…
The first phase of this work sought to assess the causes of air quality deterioration in the south of the region over the Red Sea near the resort areas of Eilat and Aqaba. Accordingly, a coordinated Jordanian-Israeli study was performed during the month of November 2007 along th…
This body of work expands the understanding of in situ cosmogenic 14C production and retention in the upper layer of accumulating ice sheets and presents new measurements of 14CH4 that improve our understanding of the fossil component of the CH4 budget. Samples were collected at…
During the last few decades, the global agricultural production has risen and technology enhancement is still contributing to yield growth. However, population growth, water and energy crisis, and extreme weather, climate change, etc. threaten the global food security. The focus…