The Amazon River is the world’s largest river by discharge. Its massive delivery of freshwater, carbon, and nutrients to the ocean significantly impacts the ecosystem and air–sea fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the western tropical North Atlantic Ocean (WTNA). Spatial and temp…
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Algonquin Provincial Park (APP), located in south-central Ontario, spans an area of 7,635 km 2 and is a destination for over 800,000 visitors a year. These visitors include cottage owners, as cottages have been leased in APP since the early 1900s. In October 2017, policy makers …
Terrestrial vegetation plays a key role in land surface-atmosphere interactions as the primary link for moisture (evapotranspiration) and energy (latent) exchange. Consequently, the regional to global effects of historical and expected land use/cover changes (LUCCs) due to both …
During modern times of unprecedented climate change, historical and geological records of past climate allow us to understand and project ancient patterns in the carbon and water cycle. Plants and soils are excellent records for climate because of the direct interaction between …
Freshwater ecosystems transfer and transform energy, nutrients and carbon. The color of lakes and rivers, as observed from space, can provide clues to their ecological function and response to anthropogenic activities. Despite this, remote sensing science has been slower to matu…
Anthropogenic consumption of fossil fuels releases carbon into the Earth-atmosphere-ocean system at rates unmatched by geologic processes. Yet, some geologic time periods also show evidence of climate forcing related to rapid natural greenhouse gas emissions and can serve as too…
Since life took its earliest footholds, organisms have been in a perpetual arms race. Evolutionary trial and error has produced increasingly complex organisms. All with a single purpose, to utilize available resources as efficiently as possible and reproduce. This progression ha…
Ice sheets and glaciers in contact with the ocean lose ice more rapidly than land-terminating ice masses due to melting at the ice-ocean interface and iceberg calving. Hence, ice sheets and glaciers in contact with the ocean have the biggest potential to raise sea levels in the …
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) are becoming more frequent and intense due to anthropogenic activities. CyanoHABs degrade water quality and impose threats to human and ecosystem health. Yet, we do not fully understand under which circumstances a bloom turns toxic…
Northern peatlands have accumulated approximately one third of all soil carbon (C) and therefore play an important role in the global C cycle. Besides the C sink function, peatlands are one of the largest biological sources of atmospheric methane (CH4) and represent approximatel…
Sacred Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is an aquatic, herbaceous perennial considered to be one of the most valuable plants in the world. Each part of lotus is consumed throughout Asia for food or used for medicinal purposes. Effects of fertilizer type (conventional, organic, o…
The Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (BATS) is an ongoing 25-year biogeochemical record in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. Contemporaneous data on the particulate phases of four major bioreactive elements: C, N, P, Si only exist during two years and also for a companion project…
Bacterial communities can exert significant influence on the biogeochemical cycling of groundwater arsenic (As). This has globally important implications since As in drinking water affects the health of over 100 million people worldwide, including in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta…
Despite the importance of tropical rivers to the global carbon cycle, the nature of carbon cycling within these watersheds has been dealt with by only a handful of studies. The current work attempts to address this lack of information, using stable isotope and concentration meas…
Although the dynamics of methane (CH4) emission from croplands and wetlands have been fairly well investigated, the contribution of trees to global methane emission and the mechanisms of tree transport are relatively unknown. Methane emissions from the common wetland tree specie…
Peatlands play an important role in the global climate system and carbon cycle; their large carbon stocks could be released to the atmosphere due to climate change or disturbance, resulting in increased climate forcing. I modified the Holocene Peat Model (HPM), a process-based m…
Selenium (Se) is a trace element of great ecological importance whose environmental distribution is highly impacted by anthropogenic activity. In the 1980s, selenium was recognized as a major aquatic contaminant following widespread deformities and mortality among waterfowl hatc…
Major transitions in subsistence, settlement organization, and funerary architecture accompanied the rise and fall of extensive trade complexes between southeastern Arabia and major centers in Mesopotamia, Dilmun, Elam, Central Asia, and the Indus Valley throughout the third and…
Stable isotope analysis of hair was used to investigate the dietary patterns of individuals from the Christian period Sudanese Nubian site of Kulubnarti, taking into consideration established patterns of health. Over three decades of research has shown consistent differences bet…