Malaria is a serious and life-threatening mosquito-borne disease that every year affects over 200 million individuals and causes 400,00 deaths. An additional 0.5 billion people globally are at risk of malaria infection. The unique role of climate in influencing malaria transmiss…
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During modern times of unprecedented climate change, historical and geological records of past climate allow us to understand and project ancient patterns in the carbon and water cycle. Plants and soils are excellent records for climate because of the direct interaction between …
Alligator gar belong to an ancient lineage that dates back over 215 million years. Historically, alligator gar populations occurred in the Mississippi River basin from Illinois (USA) to Mexico. Alligator gar populations have been reduced or extirpated throughout much of their ra…
On the surface, the visual and textual languages of The Keeling (2021) and this encyclopedia are disparately related, but they influence each other synergistically. The visual language of the exhibition is a speculative space suspended between an art gallery and a futuristic nat…
Freezing rain is a winter weather phenomenon that is both particularly dangerous and difficult to predict. This forecast challenge arises because freezing rain requires the maintenance of a narrow range of temperature profiles, with warm air aloft and cold air at the surface. Th…
The Wasatch Front is an environmentally complex region, this area of northern Utah is mountainous and fertile enough to support a varied ecology. It has also supported healthy human populations. The marshy lands surrounding the gigantic lake antecedent to Great Salt Lake and Uta…
Evolution acts at the level of populations. From differences in allele frequencies or trait frequencies among populations, we can make inferences about the forces that are most important in selection and gene flow at a specific point in time for specific systems. In this dissert…
The assumption that African-descended people were more able than European-descended people to labor in the “hot” climates of southern North America and the Caribbean was an important justification for slavery in the British Empire since at least the early eighteenth century, and…
Migration is a basic adaptation method to inhospitable environments and has large economic consequences for the migrants themselves and for the economy as a whole. I create new datasets using individual-level census data and county-level drought conditions to study how the worst…
Typically, multi-model ensemble studies show mixed responses of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) under global warming, so it is currently unknown how, or even if, global warming will impact ENSO and its teleconnections. ENSO is governed by various ocean-atmosphere interaction…
This dissertation examines the improvement in the simulation of precipitation by using a high resolution model and a highly physically-based land surface scheme. To investigate the impact of the horizontal resolution on the simulated fields, six versions of NCAR's latest Communi…
Biologists have long sought to understand how ecological selective pressures drive evolutionary responses. Defining how morphology, life history, and abiotic conditions interact across deep time can reveal the selective pressures responsible for shaping various axes of biodivers…
In the next few years, the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), along with the construction of new ground-based observatories, will provide the opportunity to attempt atmospheric characterization of terrestrial planets in the habitable zones of nearby M dwarf stars. …
This qualitative and phenomenological study sought to determine if there is a need for additional programming on the benefits of a more positive school climate and school connectedness as a means of decreasing school violence. The background and history of school violence as wel…
During the last few decades, the global agricultural production has risen and technology enhancement is still contributing to yield growth. However, population growth, water and energy crisis, and extreme weather, climate change, etc. threaten the global food security. The focus…
This dissertation consists of three separate essays that empirically investigate issues in economic development and urbanization. Chapter 1 investigates the role played by cultural and political institutions in determining gender norms. Chapter 2 explores the role played by earl…
The primary purpose of this study is to examine characteristics of principal leadership influencing school culture as viewed by stakeholders involved in the International Schools Group (ISG) in Saudi Arabia. A secondary purpose of this study is to inform ISG educational leaders …
High Mountain Asia (HMA) has been strongly impacted by climate change, and will continue to be impacted by diverse climate stressors in the coming years. A combination of changing weather patterns and retreating glaciers has begun to impact water resources in the region; the rat…
This dissertation focuses on the economics of infrastructure development and public finance. The dissertation is composed of three papers: The first paper analyzes the optimal solutions for supplying electricity to national economies from both domestic as well as distant energy …