During WWII and the early Cold War, an American research program centered on Fort Detrick, Maryland sought to transform germs into weapons. Though sponsored by the military officials of the US Army Chemical Corps, this program was heavily intertwined with the civilian microbiolo…
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The Women’s Army Corps started as a temporary organization but became an official part of the military in 1943. With the passage of the Women’s Armed Services Integration Act in 1948, the WAC became a permanent part of the US Army, but WACs did not fully integrate into the Army …
This dissertation examines the long struggle of the United States to deal with the questions of the decolonization of Algeria and the postwar struggle of nationalist movements for independence from European empires. By examining the specific case of the development and implement…
Jordan emerged as a key component of American-Middle East diplomacy during the period from 1945–1969. Initially viewed as a liability because of the precarious nature of its monarchy, the perception of Jordan in the United States gradually evolved to that of a moderate, pro-West…
This dissertation argues the impact of prestige considerations on French and Italian foreign policy in the early Cold War period. In particular it shows how those considerations affected the Atlantic Alliance and how the United States tried to manipulate them. The main purpose o…
The Caspian region is considered to be one of the next oil and gas frontiers. Along with the re-distribution of political power and the emergence of new balances after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the continuous waves of change also have had significant effects on the prosp…
The following dissertation is a political biography of Clark Clifford, Special Counsel to the President for Harry S. Truman and Secretary of Defense during the Lyndon B. Johnson administration. While covering most of Clifford's career, the focus is on his rise to prominence duri…
The period after the Second World War was a significant moment in British colonialism in Nigeria. It was the height of the decolonization movements in many of Britain's colonial holdings and was the cradle of what David Low and J. M. Lonsdale call the "second colonial occupation…
When U.S. Marines landed near Beirut on July 15, 1958, it was the first case in the post World War II era in which American decision-makers thought that protecting Western interests in the Middle East required direct military involvement. In taking the lead by applying the full …
International education served a dual function in the American-Iranian relationship during the thirty-seven-year reign of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. On the one hand, education was the most important component to the shah's project of authoritarian development - a model of rapid…
This dissertation addresses the question of the foreign policy views of the leading spokespeople for the Religious Right in the United States since the end of World War II. The analysis begins with the early years of the Cold War, focusing on the religious overtones that quickly…
Structural realists argue the nation-state is a unitary actor that conducts foreign policy without regard to domestic politics. Anarchy, the lack of any controlling authority, is the dominant fact of life for states within the international system. Operating within this self-hel…
Through the analysis of the inception and development of the Middle East Technical University (METU), this dissertation examines the relationship between the diverging ideologies of development that became prevalent within the democratizing and decolonizing contexts of the postw…
This dissertation examines the Congress for Cultural Freedom's activities in Africa from 1958 until the organization's demise in 1967. During the Cold War, U.S. policymakers attempted to use the cultural realm to gain the support of intellectuals in their ideological war with th…
Central America, said to have harboured the Cold War's last pitched battles, is the world's most violent place today, according to the United Nations. This dissertation studies the form of irregular warfare that the Guatemalan state waged against its own population during the se…
Between 1979 and 1992 the United States engaged in its largest counterinsurgency (COIN) and nation-building exercise since the debacle in South Vietnam. For over twelve years, Washington attempted to establish a moderate government in El Salvador and defeat an insurgency by prov…
The focus of this paper is Anglo-American relations in Egypt during the early Cold War period. The goal is to show that relations between the Western allies were more contentious than the analysis previously offered by a number of leading scholars. This has been done by examinin…
In this study, I examine how Jews in the United States, Western Europe, and Israel reacted to the Slansky Affair, the Doctors' Plot, and the general wave of overt Soviet antisemitism which took shape in late 1952 until Stalin's death in early March 1953. I explore how the Holoca…
The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the self-interests of the three guarantors, Great Britain, Turkey, and Greece, that diminished their performance as trustworthy guarantors of the peace in Cyprus beginning on Independence Day, August 16, 1960, and to prove using pos…