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Upon infection, the host needs to mount vigorous immune response against pathogen in order to successfully control its replication. However, once the infectious agent is controlled or eliminated, host cells need to signal the immune system to slow or cease its activities. While …
The interface between host and pathogen cells involves a complex series of molecular mechanisms. On one side host cells recognize pathogen structures and initiate immune responses. On the other side, pathogens continually evolve immune escape strategies aiming at establishing ch…
Recent years have witnessed rapid growth in new information on the crucial role played by cytokines and chemokines in human disease, as well as on the exciting possibilities they offer for developing novel therapies and for optimizing vaccine performance. In the Cytokines and Ch…
This handbook provides a reference on the role of cytokines and chemokines in a variety of human infectious diseases. International leaders in the field discuss the role of cytokines and chemokines in bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections.