Background: Hurungwe district, one of Zimbabwe’s largest districts is not immune to the numerous typhoid fever outbreaks that have been occurring in Zimbabwe over the past twelve to fifteen years. The main aim of this study was to examine risk factors associated with acquiring t…
We live in a world where 844 million people lack basic drinking water services, and more than four billion people lack access to safely managed sanitation. Somehow, these people go missing in the process of water and sanitation provision. Reaching these billions requires not onl…
Water is essential for human subsistence. Stable freshwater supplies are needed as a source of food, drinking water, for transportation, recreation and economic development. Despite their recognized importance, anthropogenic activities have altered freshwater ecosystems around t…
Arsenic (As) is a global contaminant listed as the highest priority pollutant on the Substance Priority List by the ATSDR. The primary route of exposure is by ingestion of water and food. The World Health Organization (WHO) describes environmental exposure to arsenic as the larg…
"Comprehensive, current, and written by leading experts, Water Quality & Treatment: A Handbook on Drinking Water, Sixth Edition covers state-of-the-art technologies and methods for water treatment and quality control. Significant revisions and new material in this edition reflec…
In the past decade there has been a rapid increase in waterborne outbreaks of disease associated with viral and protozoan agents, normally in drinking waters that were found to be microbially safe using the Coliform Index. For nearly a quarter of a century indicator organisms, i…
This book provides the first full account of the nature and applications of the Coliform Index, coverage of new and proposed water quality legislation and details of emerging pathogens in water as well as an evaluation of the role of the "coliform.
Clean and safe drinking water is a human right. Global, federal, and state agencies that monitor the source and quality of drinking water are limited in power and oversight. Historically, human groups have replaced wetland habitat with cropland, disregarding the abundance of res…
Urban Water Security (UWS) will remain a hugely important issue over the next decades and is a matter that will be exacerbated by climate change and related hazards, food insecurity and social instability. Despite attempts made by many researchers and water professionals to stud…
This qualitative study described and compared the cognitive apprehensions regarding drinking water quality (DW) in Muncie, Indiana, USA. The comparison was between two different, culturally elite groups using constructive-grounded theory. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were…
A heated, flow-through, membrane-based extraction cell has been designed for the extraction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from aqueous solutions. A stream of aqueous sample was pumped through a temperature-controlled channel in the extraction cell, where it was in contact…
Arsenic contamination of fresh water resources and the associated health risks have created mounting pressure on water agencies to find cost-effective arsenic removal technologies. Arsenic concentration in drinking water is limited to 10 μg/L by the World Health Organization, He…
Introduction. Chronic arsenic (As) exposure currently affects more than 100 million people worldwide. The studies reported in this dissertation focus primarily on determining if arsenic (As) exposure is associated with genomic DNA methylation and if this association is modified …
Background: Despite the importance of smart Water Distribution Systems (WDSs) operation in obtaining energy-saving and environmentally friendly strategies, in many cases, the operation is still done according to expert opinion and rules of thumb which use local control schemes o…