Dynamic windows enable electronic control of light and heat flow and demonstrate potential for increased energy efficiency in buildings and improved well-being for the people inside them. Despite four decades of research and development, the traditional approaches to dynamic win…
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Climate change is one of the major challenges of our current era. The amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced by anthropogenic sources has steadily increased since the industrial revolution, in particular CO 2 , which reached a maximum historical concentration of 409.8 ppm i…
The Columbia River basin is a large transboundary basin located in the Pacific Northwest, straddling the US-Canadian border. The basin spans seven US states and one Canadian province, encompassing a diverse range of hydroclimates. Strong seasonality and complex topography, combi…
Historical and future climate change is likely to be one of the key drivers of alterations seen in catchments globally. The implications of changing precipitation patterns in particular range from increased seasonality of flows, to changing frequency, duration, and severity of e…
Photovoltaic (PV) energy represents one of the most importantly clean and cheap energy sources. However, the intermittent behavior of the generated power from PV systems imposes challenges in its design and operation. Due to the internal nature of renewable energy and battery te…
Anthropogenic climate change has resulted in more frequent and higher intensity storm events. These events will increase flooding, resulting in property damage, evacuations, and in extreme cases, death. The Midwest United States has experienced increased temperatures and oscilla…
The IPCC and UN FAO have both suggested a global reduction in meat consumption to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. But how do nations and citizens resolve tensions between ecological stewardship and meat consumption? What is implied in eating meat and raising livestock in a coun…
Deforestation is a critical global challenge in the 21st century. Policies that effectively tackle forest loss are essential given that the consequences of deforestation can be severe for both people and nature. There is hence an urgent need to generate knowledge about effective…
For over a century, Sudbury (Ontario, Canada) has been a major copper-nickel metal smelter centre. Emissions of acidifying compounds and metal particulates beginning in the 1880s damaged thousands of lakes and watersheds in the region. Emission controls introduced in the 1960s a…
The existing regional sustainable development measurement approaches have some limitations. (1) Regional sustainability performance is severely affected by the external environment (natural conditions, culture, religion, etc.) and the internal structure of the study region. (2) …
Royal Dutch Shell, plc (Shell, or RDS) is the largest integrated company in the Oil and Gas sector, in terms of assets. It operates globally, with regard to the geography in which it has interests, and integrates the entire value chain into its business model. With more than a c…
Wetlands contribute an estimated 25% of the global annual methane (CH4) emissions. However, delineation of the processes responsible for the large variations in emission rates found within and across wetland types has been challenging. Field measurements were collected in Franci…
Climate change poses a growing threat to freshwater ecosystems and water quality. This dissertation examines the relationship between changes in climate and two key water quality parameters: the transport of nitrogen within rivers, referred to as nitrogen loading, and river temp…
The current experimental study aims to examine the effects of using oxygenates as a replacement of lead additives in gasoline on performance and exhaust emissions of a typical SI engine. The tested oxygenates are MTBE, methanol, and ethanol. These oxygenates were blended with a …
The building and construction industry is the third-largest producer of CO2 in Canada. Additionally, emissions from this industry are expected to go up by more than nine megatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (Mt CO2 eq) by the year 2030. As such, we need to find ways to reduce…
The target of this study was the investigation of biofuel and/or biochemical production from microalgae in growth medium or its lipids over heterogenous catalyst. The primary aim was to study the conversion of 6 wt. % N. Oculata into biofuels without harvesting and dewatering ov…
Globally over 3 billion people use solid fuel cookstoves to meet household energy demand. Cookstove emissions lead to household and ambient air pollution, with adverse health and climate impacts. To reduce these harmful impacts, alternative cookstove technologies have been devel…