This thesis presents investigations on gas injection in water, including a large-scale study on river aeration and four subsequent laboratory-scale studies on bubble plumes and gas-liquid jets. The purpose of the first investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of a new art…
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Nanotechnology is one of the most prospective technologies of this century and promises groundbreaking innovation in many fields due to the unique physicochemical characteristics of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). The potential impacts of ENMs on aquatic environments and humans…
In this thesis I present theoretical and practical contributions to the rapidly emerging field of systems approaches within the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) sector. To begin, I present findings from a wide-ranging systematic literature review of the methods, scope and ap…
The increasing population worldwide has caused water demand and stress in water supply, therefore water reuse has taken interest in wastewater treatment plants. Iodinate contrast media (ICM) is a contaminant of emerging concern (CEC) that can be poorly removed during conventiona…
Sensors are used to convert physical quantity into numerical data. Various types of sensors can be coupled together to make a single node. A distributed array of these nodes can be deployed to collect environmental data by using appropriate sensors. Application of low powered sh…
The thesis examines control and eradication of Guinea worm in West Africa and investigates factors, especially water supply, related to the incidence of Guinea worm. The study was carried out in North Zou, Benin between 1987 and 1990 and in Nigeria between 1989 and 1993 during w…
Human-caused changes in water use, emissions, and land cover have increasingly impacted the natural and built environments. As a result, the natural hydrologic cycle has been disrupted, causing changes in the quantity and quality of water, extreme events (i.e., droughts and floo…
Here we present a numerical modeling effort to estimate historical groundwater concentrations of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) resulting from releases of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) near Colorado Springs, …
Cyanobacteria offer promise as alternative microorganisms to heterotrophic bacteria like Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) because of their ability for oxygenic photosynthesis, faster growth compared to plants, high solar conversion efficiencies, and smaller genomes more amenable to …
As climate change threatens vulnerable tropical climates and development outpaces resource availability, the need for diverse construction material grows. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals aim to reduce poverty in all forms. Diversifying construction material work…
Despite decreases in acidic deposition since the 1970s, the recovery of surface waters from acidification has been limited primarily due to the depletion of exchangeable base cations, net mineralization of organic sulfur and nitrogen and release of previously retained SO 4 2- an…
Anthropogenic changes in land use, exploitation of natural resources, climate change, and habitat loss create difficulties managing and conserving species of concern. Managers are often forced to make decisions with incomplete information and much uncertainty. Unsuccessful attem…
The dispersion of pollutants originating from common sources in an urban environment were modeled. Modeling analyses were developed using AERMOD to evaluate PM2.5 emissions from a fireworks event, PM10 and NH3 from urban traffic infrastructure and H2S from a local water reclamat…
Anthropogenic climate change has resulted in more frequent and higher intensity storm events. These events will increase flooding, resulting in property damage, evacuations, and in extreme cases, death. The Midwest United States has experienced increased temperatures and oscilla…
This dissertation consists of six distinct research studies that are broadly classified into two parts. The first part is concerned with the application of emerging data analysis tools rooted in causal inference, nonlinear chaotic dynamical systems, and information theory to det…
Studies of radionuclide concentrations in Pond B, an 82 hectare abandoned reactor cooling pond at the Savannah River Site in Aiken, South Carolina, have shown the accumulation of cesium –1 37 ( 137 Cs) in the surface layers of sediments sampled from random locations within the p…
Freshwater ecosystems transfer and transform energy, nutrients and carbon. The color of lakes and rivers, as observed from space, can provide clues to their ecological function and response to anthropogenic activities. Despite this, remote sensing science has been slower to matu…
Extreme precipitation events have become more frequent over the last several decades, and projections from Global Climate or General Circulation Models (GCMs) suggest that this trend will continue throughout the 21st century due to climate change. Stormwater systems designed in …
Petroleum, also known as “crude oil”, may enter the environment in large and small volumes due to accidental spillages such as acts of war, or terrorism or through natural processes. Crude oil is comprised of a complex mixture of compounds of which the main constituents are alip…