The ultimate goal of seismology is to estimate the timing, magnitude and potential spatial extent of future seismic events along pre-existing faults. Based on the rate-state friction law, several theoretical physical earthquake models have been proposed towards this goal. Tecton…
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Estimating manufactured nanoparticle mobility using fast, simple methods could form a useful part of a risk assessment tool. The aim of this work was to investigate whether zeta potential could be used for this purpose. Using a new surface zeta potential measurement technique, t…
The study aimed to disentangle the climate–hydrology–ecology chain of processes at large spatial and temporal scales. River ecology was considered in terms of some of the main controls of physical habitat (environmental flows, hydraulics, and water temperature). The research inc…
The link between economic development and urbanisation has placed urban sustainability on national and city agendas. Designing sustainable city centre regeneration projects remains a crucial challenge, particularly in understanding the ways physical planning and social issues in…
The urban heat island (UHI) effect is an inadvertent modification of climate which leads to increased temperatures in urban areas. This in turn increases localised demand for air conditioning and refrigeration which can be a significant drain on energy resources. At a time of in…
The transfer of low-carbon technology to developing countries is one of the key means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in developing countries and therefore a key aspect of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This thesis aims to contribute to th…
The purpose of this thesis is to establish the extent of river transportation in the period 1189 - 1600. Investigation is made as to which rivers were physically usable, which were legally usable and the comparative cost of land and river transport. The evidence of historic use …
In recent years, a range of detailed palaeoclimatic reconstructions have shown indications of a connection between changes in solar activity and Earth's climate. However, a process that may explain such a relationship has yet to be reliably demonstrated. One proposed mechanism c…
This thesis examines the relationship between Amazonian Dark Earths (ADE) and Caboclo subsistence on the Middle Madeira River, Brazil. ADE are fertile anthropogenic (man-made) soils formed through practices of burning and waste disposal by pre-Columbian Amerindian populations. “…
The thesis investigates the inorganic aerosol concentrations and wood smoke tracer potassium and levoglucosan concentrations in Birmingham, UK. Also a multi-wavelength aethalometer was utilized as a carbonaceous aerosol detector to directly measure the local wood smoke PM mass a…
Studies have shown that faults exhibit complex geometries that are often highly simplified and cross sections may not be sufficient to highlight the spatial variation of fault surface topography and the complex relationship with the wall rock. The main contributions of this thes…
This thesis argues that henges, stone circles and ring cairns form a 'spectrum' of monuments with origins in the earlier Neolithic. In that context it is suggested that some of the structures located beneath long cairns were originally free standing foci. How the monuments might…
Estuaries are highly dynamic systems, subject to continuous morphological change, which results from complex interactions and feedbacks between the hydrodynamic processes, sediment transport processes and the ecology. The prediction of morphological change in estuaries is theref…
In this thesis, we link the impacts of manufacturing activities to geographical location and examine the endogenous and exogenous factors that have a significant impact on economic performance of the manufacturing in mainland China. We demonstrate the geographic distribution thr…
Surface Flow Types (SFTs), distinctive patterns of disturbance on the surface of flowing water resulting from the interaction between flow and channel shape, were used to delimit meso-scale in-channel habitats in eight British lowland rivers to determine whether SFT mesohabitats…
The recent spate of floods in many parts of Britain has stimulated substantial interest among scientists, policy makers and the public concerning contemporary trends in flood frequency and magnitude, in particular questioning whether these events exceed historical extremes. Howe…
Humans have interacted with their surroundings for over one million years, and researchers have only recently been able to assess the geomorphic impacts indigenous peoples had on their landscapes prior to the onset of European colonialism. The history of human occupation of Aust…
The study used continuously monitored, high resolution turbidity, ammonia, rainfall and flow data from EA UK. Urban storm events were not systematically characterised previously leading to gaps in process understanding; previous studies used short time periods and with most of t…
The Mijikenda sacred natural sites (SNS) contribute towards Kenya’s East African Coastal Forest ecosystem. This ecosystem is highly biodiverse and important to the conservation of many rare and endemic species. The SNS are therefore thought to be very important to biodiversity l…